بهبود سطح تحمل شوری ژنوتیپ‌های گندم با بهره‌گیری از دای‌آلل

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات دانشگاه تهران

2 استاد گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

شوری از مهم‌ترین عوامل محیطی است که به‌شدت از رشد گیاه ممانعت می‌کند. به‌منظور بهبود سطح تحمل شوری گیاه گندم از طریق تلاقی دای‌آلل، 6 ژنوتیپ اصلاح‌شده (آرتا، بزوستایا، کوهدشت، مغان3، اوحدی و استار) و 15 نتاج حاصل از تلاقی یک‌طرفه این ژنوتیپ‌ها (بزوستایا×کوهدشت، بزوستایا×اوحدی، بزوستایا×مغان3، بزوستایا×آرتا، بزوستایا×استار، کوهدشت×اوحدی، کوهدشت×مغان3، کوهدشت×آرتا، کوهدشت×استار، اوحدی×مغان3، اوحدی×آرتا، اوحدی×استار ، مغان3×آرتا، مغان3×استار، آرتا×استار) ، در دو سطح شوری (0 و20 دسی زیمنس بر متر) و در گلخانه، به‌صورت یک آزمایش فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی، در سه تکرار کاشته شدند. ارزیابی هدایت الکتریکی آب و محلول‌های ورودی و آب خروجی از گلدان، به مدت دو هفته به طول انجامید و بعدازآن صفاتی از قبیل محتوای نسبی آب برگ، تنظیم اسمزی، عملکرد بذر، وزن صد دانه، تعداد بذر در هر سنبله و فعالیت آنزیم کاتالاز و پراکسیداز، اندازه‌گیری شدند. نتایج آزمایش نشان داد، که با افزایش شوری، صفات مربوط به عملکرد و محتوای نسبی آب برگ گندم نان، کاهش قابل‌توجهی یافتند. در صفات مربوط به عملکرد و محتوای نسبی آب برگ، ژنوتیپ‌های آرتا و اوحدی بیش‌ترین کاهش را در شرایط تنش نسبت به شاهد نشان دادند. این در حالی است که نتاج حاصل از تلاقی این دو ژنوتیپ حساس، کاهش شدیدی را در صفات مرتبط با عملکرد داشتند. میزان فعالیت آنزیم کاتالاز و پراکسیداز در شرایط تنش در نتاج حاصل از تلاقی بزوستایا و کوهدشت در هر دو والدین، منجر به ایجاد تحمل نسبت به شرایط تنش گردید. نتایج نشان داد، با توجه به برتری نتاج، می‌توان از طریق تلاقی‌های هوشمند در جهت بهبود تحمل شوری گیاهان اقدام کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Improving the salinity tolerance of wheat genotypes by using diallel cross

نویسندگان [English]

  • Sahar Forogi Mogadam 1
  • Alireza Taleei 2
  • Seid Ali Peygambari 2
1 University of Tehran
2 Professor, University of Tehran
چکیده [English]

Salinity is one of the most important environmental factors that severely inhibit plant growth. To improve the salinity tolerance of wheat through diallel cross, six modified genotypes (Arta, Bezvestia, Koohdasht, Moghan3, Ohadi, and Star), 15 hybrids of crossing these genotypes (Bezvestia×Koohdasht, Bezvestia×Ohadi, Bezvestia×Moghan3, Bezvestia×Arta, Bezvestia×Star, Koohdasht×Ohadi, Koohdasht×Moghan3, Koohdasht×Arta, Koohdasht×Star, Ohadi×Moghan3, Ohadi×Arta, Ohadi×Star, Moghan3×Arta, Moghan3×Star, Arta×Star) in two levels of salinity (0. 20 ds.m-1), were sown in greenhouse as a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with three replications. The estimation of electrical conductivity of water and inlet solutions and water output from the pot had been lasted for two weeks, and followed by traits such as leaf relative water content, osmotic regulation, seed yield, 100 seed weight, seed number per spike, and activity of catalase and peroxidase enzymes were measured. The results of the experiment showed that with increasing salinity, the traits related to the yield and relative content of water of wheat bread leaf decreased significantly. The traits related to yield and relative content of leaf water in Arta and Ohadi genotypes showed the highest decrease in stress conditions than control, while the progenies obtained from the cross between these two sensitive genotypes showed a significant decrease in the traits related to yield. The rate of activity of a catalase-peroxidase enzyme in stress conditions in the crossroads caused by the confluence of Bezostaya and Kohdasht due to heterozygosity in both parents that resulted in resistance to stress conditions. Considering the superiority of heterozygosity through intelligent crossings, it can be taken measures to improve the salt tolerance of herbs.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Catalase
  • peroxidase
  • osmotic regulation
  • salinity
  • yield characteristic
  1. REFERENCES

    1. Aebi, H. (1974). Catalase, Methods of enzymatic analysis. Elsevier.
    2. Aeinian, M., Khodakaramian, Ghr. Mirzaei, H. & Ismailzadeh, R. (2014). Biological and non-biological stresses in plants, National Conference on Climate Change and Sustainable Development of Agriculture and Natural Resources.
    3. Akbari ghobadi, E., Izadi-Darbandi, A. & Borzouei, A. (2012). Effects of salinity on some physiological traits in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars. Indian Society for Education and Environment, 5(1): 1901-1906.
    4. Ashraf, M. (2004). Some important physiological selection criteria for salt tolerance in plants. Flora, 199: 361-376.
    5. Ashraf, M. & Harris, P. J. C. (2004). Potential Biochemical Indicators of salt tolerance in plants. Plant Science, 166:3-16.
    6. Barakat, N. A. M. (2011). Oxidative stress markers and antioxidant potential of wheat treated with phytohormones under salinity stress. Journal of Stress Physiology & Biochemistry, Vol.7, No.4, pp.250-267.
    7. Bernard, A. D. Labuschagne, M. T. & Van Niekerk, H. A. (2002). Heritability estimates of bread wheat quality traits in the Western Cape Province of South Africa. Euphytica, 127: 115-122.
    8. Chance, B. C. & Maehly, A. C. (1955). Assay of catalase and peroxidase. Methods in Enzymology, 2:764-775.
    9. Cousin, K. (2002). Evaluation of 30 wheat cultivars in response to salinity stress. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Sciences.Gold 33, No. 1, pp. 64-57.
    10. Emam, Y. & Ranjbar, G. H. (2001). Dry matter accumulation and partitioning as affected by thinning in a non-prolific maize hybrid. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 3: 265-272.
    11. Esfandiari, E., Shakiba, M. R., Mahboob, S., Alyari, H. & Toorchi, M. (2007). Water stress, antioxidant enzyme activity and lipid peroxidation in wheat seedling. Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment, 5: 149–153.FAO. (2011).
    12. FAO statistic deviation, http://faostat.fao.org.
    13. Farooq, S. & Azam, F. (2005). The use of cell membrane stability (CMS) technique to screen for salt-tolerant wheat varieties. Journal of Plant Physiology, 163: 1-9.
    14. Farooq, S. & Azam, F. (2006). The use of cell membrane stability (CMS) technique to screen for salt-tolerant wheat varieties. Journal of Plant Physiology, 163 629-637.
    15. Gill, K. S. 1979. Effect of soil salinity on grain filling and grain development in barely. Biologia Plant, 21:241-244.
    16. Jones, M. M. & Turner, N. C. (1978). Osmotic adjustments in leaves of Sorghum in response to water deficits. Plant Physiology. American Society of Plant Physiology.
    17. Kashif, M. & Khaliq, I. (2004). Heritability, correlation, and path coefficient analysis for some metric traits in wheat. International Journal of Agricultural Biology, 1: 138–142.
    18. Knezevic, D. Paunovic, A. Madic, M. & Nevena, D. (2007). Genetic analysis of nitrogen accumulation in four wheat cultivars and their hybrids. Cereal Research Communication, 352: 633-336.
    19. Lee, D. H., Kim, Y. S. and Lee, C. B. (2001). The inductive responses of the antioxidant enzymes by salt stress in the rice (Oryza sativa L.). Journal of Plant Phyiology. 158:737-745.
    20. Maas, E. V. & Greive, C. M. (1990). Spike and leaf development in salt-stressed wheat. Crop Science, pp: 1309-1313.
    21. Maas, E. V. & Hoffman, G. J. (1977). Crop salt tolerance- current assessment. Journal of Irrigation Drainage. ASCE, 103: 115-134.
    22. Mass, E. V. & Poss, J. A. (1989). Salt sensitivity of cowpea at various growth stages. Irrigation Science; 10: 313-20.
    23. Mir Mohammadi Meybodi, S. A. & Ghareyazi, B. (2001). Physiological aspects and breeding for salinity stress in plants. Isfahan University of Technology Press. 288p.
    24. Munns, R. & James, R. A. (2003). Screening methods for salinity tolerance: A case study with tetraploid wheat. Plant and Soil, 253: 201-218.
    25. Munns, R., Richard, A. J. & Lauchli, A. (2006). Approaches to increasing the salt tolerance of wheat and other cereals. Journal of Experimental Botany, 57(5): 1025–1043.
    26. Nazar, R., Iqbal, N., Syeed, S. & Khan, N. A. (2011). Salicylic acid alleviates decreases in photosynthesis under salt stress by enhancing nitrogen and sulfur assimilation and antioxidant metabolism differentially in two mungbean cultivars. Journal of Plant Physiology, 168:807-815.
    27. Sadat Noori S. A, & Harati A. M. (2005). Breeding for Salt-Resistance Using Transgressive Segregation in Spring Wheat. Journal of Science, Islamic Republic of Iran, 16(3): 217-222.
    28. Sadat Noori, S. A., Roustaei, A. & Foghi, B. (2006). Variability of Salt Tolerance for Eleven Traits in Bread Wheat Grown in Different Saline Condition. Journal of Agronomy, 1(5), pp: 131-136.
    29. Sairam, R. K. & Srivastava, G. C. (2001). Water stress tolerance of wheat Triticum aestivum L.: Variation in hydrogen peroxide accumulation and antioxidant activity intolerant and susceptible genotype. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 186: 63-70.
    30. Salam, A. G. (2002). Current status of durum wheat in Egypt and Future prospects. http://www.Fineprint.com.
    31. SAS Institute. (2003). Release 9. SAS Institute, Inc, Cary NC USA.
    32. Shalhevet, J. (1994). Using water of marginal quality for crop production: major issues. Agricultural water management. Elsevier.
    33. Sharma, H. C. & Gill, B. S. (1983). Current status of wide hybridization in wheat. Euphytica, Springrr.
    34. Sinclair, T. R. & Ludlow, M. M. (1985). Who thought plants thermodynamics? The unfulfilled potential of plant water potential. Australian. Journal of Plant Physiology, 12, 213-217.
    35. Wardlaw, I. F., Sofield, I. & Cartwright, P. M. (1980). Factors limitation the rate of dry matter accumulation in the grain of wheat grown at high temperatures. Australian. Journal of Plant Physiology, 1:387-400.
    36. Yagdi, k. & Sozen, E. (2009). Heritability, variance components and correlations of yield and quality traits in durum wheat (Triticum Durum DESF.). Pakistan Journal of Botany, 41(2):753-759.