اثر رژیم‌های مختلف آبیاری، کودهای شیمیایی و زیستی بر میزان اسیدهای چرب و عملکرد روغن گل‌ مغربی (Oenothera Biennis L.)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران

2 تربیت مدرس

3 دانشیار گروه زراعت، پژوهشکده ژنتیک و زیست فناوری طبرستان، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران

4 دانشیار گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران

5 هیات علمی جهاد کشاورزی ورامین

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی اثر رژیم‌های مختلف آبیاری، کودهای شیمیایی و زیستی در میزان اسیدهای چرب و عملکرد روغن گل مغربی، آزمایشی به‌صورت اسپلیت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکراردر سال 94-1393 انجام شد. در کرت‌های اصلی، سه سطح رژیم آبیاری (آبیاری در زمان باقی ماندن 30، 40 و 50 درصد از ظرفیت زراعی) و در کرت‌های فرعی ترکیب فاکتوریل سه سطح کود شیمیایی (عدم کاربرد، کاربرد توأم اوره + سوپرفسفات تریپل به میزان 50 و 100 درصد توصیه شده) همراه با چهار سطح کودهای زیستی (تلقیح و عدم تلقیح میکوریزا و آزوسپیریلوم) قرار گرفتند. نتایج تجزیه واریانس، حاکی از اختلاف معنی­دار بین آبیاری، کودهای شیمیایی، کودهای زیستی و اثر برهمکنش رژیم آبیاری و کود شیمیایی در تمامی صفات مورد بررسی بود. تنش خشکی، باعث کاهش عملکرد روغن در هکتار، امگا (3، 6، 7 و 9)، مجموع اسیدهای چرب غیر اشباع، نسبت مجموع اسیدهای چرب غیراشباع به اشباع و تمامی اسیدهای چرب غیر اشباع گردید. ولی مجموع اسیدهای چرب اشباع و تمامی اسیدهای چرب اشباع افزایش یافتند. بالاترین میزان اسیدهای چرب گامالینولنیک، لینولنیک، اولئیک و واکسینیک در اثر برهمکنش آبیاری در زمان حصول 40 درصد از ظرفیت زراعی و کاربرد توأم کودهای شیمیایی اوره + سوپرفسفات تریپل به میزان 100 درصد توصیه شده به همراه تلقیح گیاه گل مغربی با میکوریزا و آزوسپیریلوم، به دست آمد. به طور کلی تنش خشکی باعث کاهش میزان اسیدهای چرب غیر اشباع (کاهش کیفیت روغن) به همراه عملکرد روغن گردید و استفاده از کودها باعث افزایش میزان اسیدهای چرب غیر اشباع شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of different irrigation regime, chemical, and biological fertilizers, on fatty acids content and oil yield of evening primrose (Oenothera Biennis L.)

نویسندگان [English]

  • mahmood mohammadi 1
  • Hemmatolah Pirdashti 3
  • Zeinolabedin Tahmasebi-Sarvestani 4
  • Behnam Zand 5
1 Agronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
3 Agronomy Department, Genetics and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute of Tabarestan, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran.
4 Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
5 Seed and Plant Improvement Research Department, Tehran Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Varamin, Iran
چکیده [English]

To evaluate the effect of different irrigation regime and chemical and biological fertilizers on the fatty acids content and oil yield of evening primrose, a factorial experiment based on randomized complete blocks design with three replications was conducted in the years of 2015-2016. In the main plots, three levels of irrigation regime (irrigation at 30, 40 and 50% of field capacity) and in the factorial sub-plots three levels of chemical fertilizer (no application, 50% and 100% urea + superphosphate combined application Recommended) with four levels of biofertilizers (inoculation and non- inoculation of mycorrhiza and azospirillum). The results of the analysis of variance showed a significant difference between irrigation regimes, chemical fertilizers, biological fertilizers and interaction of irrigation regimes and fertilizer in all studied traits. Drought stress, reduced oil yield per hectare, omega (3, 6, 7 and 9), ratio of total unsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids and total unsaturated fatty acids. But the total saturated fatty acids and all saturated fatty acids increased. The highest levels of gamma-linolenic, linolenic, oleic and vaccinic fatty acids due to irrigation interaction at 40% agronomic capacity and combined application of urea + triple superphosphate fertilizers with 100% recommended in combination with inoculation of mycorrhiza and Azospirilum were achieved. In general, drought stress decreased the amount of unsaturated fatty acids (reduced oil quality) and oil yield, and the use of fertilizers increased the amount of unsaturated fatty acids.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Azospirillum
  • drought stress
  • fatty acids
  • mycorrhiza
  • urea
  • superphosphate triple
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