بررسی برخی پاسخ‌های رشدی و فیزیولوژیکی گیاه دارویی چیا (Salvia hispanica L.) به رژیم‌های مختلف رطوبتی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، فیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی، دانشگاه تهران

2 استاد، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشگاه تهران

3 استادیار، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهرکرد

4 دانشیار، گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

گیاه چیا به دلیل وجود ترکیبات آنتی‌اکسیدانی در برگ و به ویژه محتوی بالای امگا-3 در دانه­های آن، به‌تازگی در سرتاسر جهان اهمیت اقتصادی زیادی پیدا کرده است. این درحالی است که تاکنون اطلاعات کافی در زمینه شیوه­های مدیریت زراعی این گیاه در مزرعه بخصوص تأثیر دسترسی به آب در مراحل تولید و استقرار آن، وجود ندارد. به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر رژیم­های مختلف رطوبتی بر برخی صفات رشدی و فیزیولوژیکی گیاه دارویی چیا، آزمایشی در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در گلخانه پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران ، واقع درکرج انجام شد. تیمارها شامل رژیم های رطوبتی در چهار سطح 66(شاهد)، 57، 43 و 35 درصد ظرفیت زراعی خاک بودند. نتایج نشان داد که رژیم­های مختلف رطوبتی تأثیر معنی­داری بر اغلب صفات مورد بررسی داشت. صفات محتوای نسبی آب برگ، بیوماس کل بوته، ارتفاع بوته، تعداد گره، تعداد شاخه جانبی و سطح برگ نهایی با افزایش شدت تنش خشکی کاهش یافتند، بطوریکه حداقل مقدار این صفات در سطح رطوبتی 43 درصد ظرفیت زراعی خاک  به دست آمد. بالاترین درصد نشت یونی غشاء و وزن خشک ریشه در سطح رطوبتی 43 درصد ظرفیت زراعی خاک به­دست آمد. کمترین میزان فلورسانس کمینه در  سطح رطوبتی 66 درصد ظرفیت زراعی و در مقابل کمترین عملکرد کوانتومی فتوسیستم II در  سطح رطوبتی 43 درصد ظرفیت زراعی خاک مشاهده شد. بطور کلی با توجه به سیر نزولی تغییرات صفات رشدی و فیزیولوژیکی چیا در پاسخ به کاهش رطوبت خاک و عدم تحمل تنش شدید رطوبتی، به­نظر می­رسد این گیاه در مرحله رشد رویشی نیازمند تأمین رطوبت کافی جهت حفظ کارکرد غشاء و فرایندهای فتوسنتزی باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of some growth and physiological responses of Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) to various moisture regimes

نویسندگان [English]

  • Amir mohammad Jamshidi 1
  • Ali Ahmadi 2
  • Mojtaba Karimi 3
  • Babak Motesharezadeh 4
1
2 Professor, Department of Agronomy, University of Tehran, Iran
3 Assistant professor, Department of Agronomy, Shahrekord University, Iran
4 Associate Professor, Department of Soil Science, University of Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Chia (Salvia hispanica L.), has achieved economic importance due to the products which are obtained from its leaves with antioxidant capacity and especially its seeds, because they contain omega 3. However, there is a lack of information on optimal agronomic management practices and especially the influence of water availability on its establishment and production. To evaluate the effect of various moisture regimes on some growth and physiological parameters of the medicinal plant of chia, a greenhouse experiment conducted at the university of Agriculture and natural Resources of Tehran, based on randomized complete blocks design with three replications.The treatments incorporate moist regimes that have been applied at 66, 57 and 43 and 35% Levels of soil Field capacity. Results demonstrated that diverce moisture regimes had a meaningful influence on most pre-examined parameters. Relative water content (RWC), the total biomass of plant, plant height, accessory branch, node number and the ultimate Leaf area decreased with increasing drought stress such that the lowest value of stated parameters is obtained in the 43% soil Field capacity. Also the highest value of ELI and root weighthad been obtained through 43% soil Field capacity. The lowest value of Fo and Fv/Fm was observed and affiliated with 66% and 43% soil Field capacity, respectively. Generally, concerning the decreasing trend of growth and physiological parameters of chia in response to drought stress and intolerance in severe water stress, it seems, in the growing stage, it needs to sufficient moisture to maintain the membrane function and Photosynthetic processes.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Biomass
  • chlorophyll fluorescence
  • drought stress
  • Leaf area

مراجع

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علوم گیاهان زراعی ایران
دوره 50، شماره 4
بهمن 1398
صفحه 99-110

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 02 تیر 1397
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 30 آبان 1397
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 13 آذر 1397
  • تاریخ انتشار: 01 بهمن 1398

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