برآورد آستانه‌های دمایی سبز شدن گیاهچه کلزای بهاره در مزرعه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی رامین خوزستان

2 استاد، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی رامین، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، تخصص: زراعت

3 بخش تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی

چکیده

پیش‌‌بینی دقیق سبز شدن گیاهچه در مزرعه برای عملکرد مناسب مدل‌های رشد بسیار مهم است. به‌منظور تعیین آستانه‌های پاسخ سبز شدن گیاهچه کلزای بهاره به دما، دو آزمایش مزرعه‌ای تکراری طی سال‌های زراعی 95-1394 و 96-1395 در مزرعه پژوهشی دانشگاه کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی رامین خوزستان اجرا شد. در این آزمایش‌ها، سبز شدن گیاهچه دو رقم کلزای بهاره (Hyola 401 و ساری‌گل) در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار در 15 تاریخ کاشت (به‌عنوان محیط) مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. مدل زمان دمایی بر مبنای تابع توزیع احتمال ویبول توسعه داده شد و آستانه‌های دمایی پاسخ سبز شدن دو رقم کلزا در شرایط مزرعه بر اساس این تابع مدل‌سازی شد. بر اساس پیش‌بینی‌های مدل، دمای پایه (Tb) برای سبز شدن گیاهچه هیبرید Hyola 401 معادل 83/5 درجه سانتی‌گراد و برای رقم ساری‌گل معادل 16/4 درجه سانتی‌گراد برآورد شد. زمان دمایی مورد نیاز برای شروع سبز شدن گیاهچه در دماهای زیر بهینه (θT(0)) و زمان دمایی مورد نیاز برای تکمیل سبز شدن گیاهچه در دماهای بیشتر از حد بهینه (θTm) بدون تفاوت معنی‌دار بین دو رقم به ترتیب 51/55 و 65/5 درجه سانتی‌گراد روز برآورد شد. دمای بیشینه برای 50 درصد احتمال بازدارندگی گرمایی (Tm(50)) سبز شدن گیاهچه در هیبرید Hyola 401 و رقم ساری‌گل به ترتیب 02/33 و 30/33 درجه سانتی‌گراد برآورد شد. همچنین، دمای بهینه برای 50 درصد سبز شدن گیاهچه در مزرعه (To(50)) برای هیبرید Hyola 401 و رقم ساری‌گل به ترتیب 99/30 و 22/31 درجه سانتی‌گراد تعیین شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Estimation of thermal thresholds for seedling emergence of spring canola in the field

نویسندگان [English]

  • Abolfazl Derakhshan 1
  • Seyed Ataallah Siadat 2
  • Abdolmehdi bakhshandeh 1
  • Mohammad Reza Moradi-Telavat 1
  • Seyed Bahram Andarzian 3
1 Department of Plant Production and Genetics Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Ramin Agriculture and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan
2 Department of Plant Production and Genetics Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Ramin Agriculture and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan
3 Seed and Plant Improvement Department, Research and Education Center of Agricultural and Natural Resources of Khuzestan, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO)
چکیده [English]

Accurate prediction of seedling emergence in the field is crucial for the performance of growth models. In order to determine thresholds of seedling emergence response to temperature, two replicated field experiments were carried out at Ramin Agriculture and Natural Resource University of Khuzestan during 2015-2016 and 2016-2017. In these experiments, seedling emergence of two spring canola cultivars (Hyola 401 and Sarigol) was evaluated in a randomized complete block design with four replications in fifteen planting dates (as environment). Thermal-time model was developed based on the Weibull probability distribution function, and thermal thresholds for seedling emergence response of two spring canola cultivars in field conditions was modeled based on this function. Based on model outputs, the base temperature for seedling emergence (Tb) was estimated to be 5.83 °C in the hybrid Hyola 401 and 4.16 °C in the cultivar Sarigol. The thermal-time required to initiate seedling emergence at sub-optimal temperature range (θT(0)) and the thermal-time needed to complete seedling emergence at supra-optimal temperature regimes without significant differences between two cultivars was estimated to be 55.5 and 5.65 °C d, respectively. Maximum temperature for the 50% probability of the thermoinhibition of seedling emergence (Tm(50)) in hybrid Hyola 401 and cultivar Sarigol was estimated to be 33.02 and 33.30 °C, respectively. The optimum temperature for 50% seedling emergence in the field (To(50)) for hybrid Hyola 401 and cultivar Sarigol was determined to be 30.99 and 31.22 °C, respectively.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Seedling establishment
  • Weibull distribution
  • Sub-optimal temperatures
  • Supra-optimal temperatures
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