بررسی روند تغییرات صفات مهم زراعی و عملکرد دانه در توده‌های بومی و ارقام زراعی گندم در طی چند دهه گذشته در ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه ارومیه

2 دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

شناسایی رابطه بین عملکرد دانه و صفات مهم زراعی و آگاهی از روند تغییرات این صفات برای تعیین استراتژی برنامه‌های به‌نژادی بسیار حائز اهمیت است. بدین منظور، تعداد 313 ژنوتیپ شامل 203 شماره از توده‌های بومی ایرانی و 110 رقم زراعی کشور به صورت طرح آگمنت با 3 رقم شاهد نوید، پیشتاز و آذر در 7 بلوک ناقص در سال زراعی 94-1393 در مزرعۀ تحقیقاتی گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات دانشگاه تهران ارزیابی شدند. برای افزایش دقت و کاهش تغییرات محیطی، طرح آگمنت در سه موقعیت تکرار شد. تجزیه رگرسیون خطی بین صفات مورد بررسی با سال معرفی ارقام زراعی و سال جمع‌آوری توده‌های بومی نشان داد که صفات عملکرد دانه و وزن هزار دانه هم در ارقام زراعی و هم در توده‌های بومی در طول زمان افزایش معنی‌داری داشته‌اند در حالیکه صفت وزن سنبله فقط در ارقام زراعی افزایش معنی‌داری یافته بود. ارتفاع بوته و طول سنبله در ارقام زراعی کاهش معنی‌داری در طی تاریخ 74 ساله به‌نژادی نشان دادند ولی در توده‌های بومی تغییر معنی‌داری ایجاد نشده بود. ولی صفت تعداد دانه در سنبله که براساس نتایج تجزیه همبستگی، رگرسیون و تجزیه علیت به عنوان یکی از مهم‌ترین صفات مؤثر روی عملکرد دانه شناخته شده بود، در طول روند به‌نژادی هیچ گونه تغییر معنی‌داری اتفاق نیافتاده است. با توجه به اینکه ضریب تغییرات فنوتیپی و ژنتیکی بالایی در بین ارقام و توده‌های بومی برای این صفت مشاهده شده است، به نظر لازم است در برنامه‌های به‌نژادی در راستای انتخاب برای افزایش این صفت توجه بیشتری انجام شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Trends in main agronomic traits and grain yield in wheat landraces and cultivars during the last decades in Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hadi Ali Pour 1
  • Mohammad Reza Bihamta 2
  • Valiollah Mohammadi 2
  • Seyed Ali Peyghmbari 2
1 Urmia University
2 University of Tehran
چکیده [English]

It is of great importance in breeding strategies to know the relationship between grain yield and main agronomic traits and understand the trend of changes in traits during breeding history. To meet these objectives, 313 Iranian wheat genotypes including 203 Iranian landraces and 110 Iranian cultivars were planted in an augmented design along with three check cultivars repeated in seven blocks in 2014 on the research field of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, University of Tehran. In order to increase accuracy and decrease environmental variation, the experiment has been replicated in three different location. Linear regression analysis between investigated characteristics and year of cultivar release and year of collection of landraces showed that the grain yield and thousand grain weight were significantly increased in both cultivars and landraces while spike weight was only significantly increased in the cultivars. Plant height and spike length were significantly decreased only in the cultivars during 74 years of breeding programs. No significant changes, however, was observed in the landraces. Although the number of grain/spike was known as the most important and effective traits on grain yield based on the results of correlation and path analyses, there was no any significant change for this trait during breeding programs. Since there were high phenotypic and genetic coefficient of variation for this trait, it could be one the most important traits in future breeding programs.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Wheat
  • cultivars
  • landraces
  • Correlation analysis
  • genetic gain

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علوم گیاهان زراعی ایران
دوره 49، شماره 4
زمستان 1397
صفحه 125-136

فایل ها

سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 15 اسفند 1394
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 25 آذر 1396
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 03 دی 1396

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