تأثیر کشت مخلوط بر کارآیی مصرف آب، عملکرد کمی و کیفی ارزن و سویا در رژیم‌های مختلف آبیاری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 معاونت تحصیلات تکمیلی دانشگاه بو علی سینا همدان

2 دانشجوی دکتری فیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلی‌سینا، همدان

چکیده

به منظور بررسی اثر کشت مخلوط بر عملکرد کمی و کیفی ارزن و سویا در رژیم‌های مختلف آبیاری، آزمایشی در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه بوعلی‌سینا در سال 1394، به‌صورت کرت‌های خردشده در قالب طرح پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار اجرا شد. عامل اصلی رژیم‌های آبیاری در سه سطح (آبیاری پس از 60، 90 و 120 میلی‌متر تبخیر تجمعی آب از تشت تبخیر) و عامل فرعی الگوی کشت مخلوط جایگزینی در پنج سطح (33 درصد ارزن+ 67 درصد سویا (67 سویا: 33 ارزن)، 50 درصد ارزن+ 50 درصد سویا (50 سویا: 50 ارزن)، 67 درصد ارزن+ 33 درصد سویا (33 سویا: 67 ارزن) و تک‌کشتی سویا و ارزن) بودند. نتایج نشان داد بیشترین غلظت فسفر دانه ارزن (35/0 درصد) در نسبت (50 سویا: 50 ارزن) در رژیم آبیاری 60 میلی‌متر تبخیر و کمترین میزان آن (12/0 درصد) در کشت خالص ارزن در رژیم آبیاری 120 میلی‌متر تبخیر، مشاهده شد. بیشترین غلظت فسفر دانه سویا (27/0 درصد) در نسبت (50 سویا: 50 ارزن) مشاهده شد که 4/14 درصد در مقایسه با کشت خالص سویا، بیشتر بود. غلظت فسفر و روغن دانه سویا در رژیم آبیاری 120 میلی‌متر تبخیر در مقایسه با رژیم آبیاری 60 میلی‌متر تبخیر به‌ترتیب 7/40 و 14/26 درصد کاهش یافت. کشت مخلوط غلظت پروتئین دانه ارزن را افزایش داد. کشت مخلوط کارآیی مصرف آب ارزن و سویا را افزایش داد. نسبت کاشت (50 سویا: 50 ارزن) در رژیم آبیاری 60 میلی‌متر تبخیر، بیشترین نسبت برابری زمین 14/1 را به خود اختصاص داد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of intercropping on water use efficiency, yield quantity and quality of millet and soybean in irrigation regimes

نویسندگان [English]

  • Goudarz Ahmadvand 1
  • somayeh hajinia 2
2 PhD Student Crop Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Bu Ali Sina, Iran
چکیده [English]

To investigate the effects of intercropping on yield quantity and quality of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) and millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) in irrigation regimes, the experiment was carried out as a split-plot based on a randomized complete block design with three replications at the Research Station of Agricultural Faculty of Bu-Ali Sina University, 2015. The main factor included three levels of irrigation regimes (irrigation after 60, 90 and 120 mm cumulative evaporation from pan class A) and five levels of replacement intercropping consisted of monoculture of soybean, monoculture of millet, 67 % soybean+ 33 % millet (67Soybean:33Millet), 50 % soybean+ 50 % millet (50Soybean:50Millet) and 33 % soybean+ 67 % millet (33Soybean:67Millet) as subplot. The results showed that the highest grain phosphorus concentration of millet (0.35 percent) was obtained from (50Soybean:50Millet) ratio in irrigation regimes after 60 mm evaporation, and the lowest one (0.12 percent) was observed in monoculture of millet in irrigation regimes after 120 mm evaporation. The highest grain phosphorus concentration (0.27 percent) of soybean was observed in (50Soybean:50Millet) ratio, that was 14.4 percent, higher than monoculture of soybean. Grain phosphorus and oil content reduced in irrigation regimes after 120 mm evaporation were about 40.7 and 34.8 percent, respectively, compared to irrigation regimes after 60 mm evaporation. Intercropping increased protein content of millet. Intercropping increased the water use efficiency of soybean and millet. Maximum value of LER (1.14) was achieved in (50Soybean:50Millet) intercropping in irrigation regimes after 120 mm evaporation.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • intercropping
  • Irrigation
  • Land equivalent ratio
  • Protein
  • Phosphorus
  1. Alizadeh, A. (2001). Drought and necessity of increase in water productivity. Quarterly Science Extension of Aridity and Agricultural Drought, 2, 3-8.
  2. Alizadeh, A. & Kamali, G. A. (2007). Water Needs of Plants in Iran. Imam Reza Publications, Mashhad, Iran. (In Farsi)
  3. Allen, R. G., Pereira, L. S., Raes, D., & Smith, M. (1998). Crop evapotranspiration-Guidelines for computing crop water requirements-FAO Irrigation and drainage paper 56. FAO, Rome, 300(9), D05109.
  4. Betencourt, B., Duputel, M., Colomb, B., Desclaux, D. & Hinsinger, P. (2012). Intercropping promotes the ability of durum wheat and chickpea to increase rhizosphere phosphorus availability in a low P soil. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 46, 181-190.
  5. Candogana, B. N., Sincikb, M., Buyukcangaza, H., Demirtasa, C., Goksoyb, A. T. & Yazgan, S. (2013). Field, quality and crop water stress index relationships for deficit-irrigated soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) in sub-humid climatic conditions. Agricultural Water Management, 118, 113-121.
  6. Corre-Hellou, G., Faure, M., Launay, M., Brisson, N. & Crozat, Y. (2009). Adaptation of the STICS intercrop model to simulate crop growth and N accumulation in pea-barley intercrops. Field Crops Research, 113, 72-81.
  7. Dhima, K. V., Lithourgidis, A. S., Vasilakoglou, I. B. & Dordas, C. A. (2007). Competition indices of vetch and cereal intercrops in two ratios. Field Crops Research, 100, 249-256.
  8. Daneshian, J., Jonoubi, P. & Barari Tari, D. (2011). Investigation of water deficit stress on agronomical traits of soybean cultivars in temperate climate. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, 75, 778-785.
  9. Daneshniaa, F., Amini, A. & Chaichi, M. R. (2016). Berseem clover quality and basil essential oil yield in intercropping system under limited Irrigation treatments with surfactant. Agricultural Water Management, 164, 331-339.

10. Darbaghshahi, M. N., Banitaba, A. & Bahari, B. (2012). Evaluating the possibility of saffron and chamomile mixed culture. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 7(20), 3060-3065.

11. Doorenbos, J., & Kassam, A. (1979). Yield response to water. Irrigation and drainage paper, 33, 257.

12. Food and Agriculture Organization. (2010). Biodiversity: Agricultural Biodiversity in FAO. Retrieved 2010, from http://www.fao.org/biodiversity.

13. Farnia, A., Noormohammadai, G., Naderi, A., Darvish, F. & Majidi-Hervan, I. (2006). Effect of drought stress and strains of Bradyrhizobium japonicum on grain yield and associated characteristics in soybean in Borujerd. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences, 8(3), 201-214.

14. Gao, Y., Duan, A., Sun, J., Li, F., Liu, Z., Liu, H. & Liu, Z. (2009). Crop coefficient and water-use efficiency of winter wheat/spring maize strip intercropping. Field Crops Research, 111, 65-73.

15. Ghosh, P. K., Tripathi, A. K., Bandyopadhyay, K. K. & Manna, M. C. (2009). Assessment of nutrient competition and nutrient requirement in soybean/sorghum intercropping system.  European Journal of Agronomy, 31, 43-50.

16. Grumberg, G. B. C., Urcelay, C., Shroeder, M. A., Vargas-Gil, S. & Luna, C. M. (2015). The role of inoculum identity in drought stress mitigation by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in soybean. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 51, 1-10.

17. Haberle, J., Svoboda, P. & Raimanova, I. (2008). The effect of post-anthesis water supply on grain nitrogen concentration and grain nitrogen yield of winter wheat. Plant Soil and Environment, 54, 304-312.

18. Hashemi Dezfuli, A., Abdali, A. & Siadat, S. A. (2000). Study of corn-sunflower intercropping ratios in different dates of planting affecting on quantitative and qualitative forage kernel yields in Ahvaz region. Iranian Journal of Crop Science, 2(2), 1-18. (In Farsi)

19. Horwitz, W., Chichilo, P., & Reynolds, H. (1970). Official methods of analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Official methods of analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists.

20. Inal, A., Gunes, A., Zhang, F. & Cakmak, I. (2007). Peanut maize intercropping induced changes in rhizosphere and nutrient concentrations in shoots. Plant Physiology Biochemistry, 20, 1-7.

21. Jahansooz, M. R., Yunusa, I. A. M., Coventry, D. R., Palmer, A. R. & Eamus, D. (2007). Radiation- and water-use associated with growth and yields of wheat and chickpea in sole and mixed crops. European Journal of Agronomy, 26, 275-282.

22. Keeney, D., Nelson, D., & Page, A. (1982). Nitrogen-inorganic forms. In: A. L. Page., R. H. Miller. & D. R. Keeney (Eds), Methods of soil analysis. Part. 2. Chemical and microbiological properties. (pp. 643-693) American Society of Agronomy.  

23. Khajehpour, M. (2007).  Principle of Agronomy. Industrial University of Esfahan Publication. (In Farsi) 

24. Koocheki, A., Seyyedi, S. M. & Gharaei, S. (2016). Evaluation of the effects of saffron–cumin intercropping on growth, quality and land equivalent ratio under semi-arid conditions. Scientia Horticulturae, 201, 190-198.

25. Kusaka, M., Lalusin, A. G. & Fujimura, T. (2005). The maintenance of growth and turgor in pearl millet(Pennisetum glaucum (L.)Leeke)cultivars with different root structures and osmoregulation under drought stress. Plant Science, 168, 1-14.

26. Li, W., Li, L., Sun, J., Guo, T., Zhang, F., Bao, X., Peng, A. & Tang, C. (2005). Effects of intercropping and nitrogen application on nitrate present in the profile of an Orthic Anthrosol in Northwest China. Agricultural Ecosystem and Environment, 105, 483-491.

27. Lithourgidis, A. S., Vlachostergios, D. N., Dordas, C. A. & Damalas, C. A. (2011). Dry matter yield, nitrogen content, and competition in pea cereal intercropping systems. European Journal of Agronomy, 34, 287-294.

28. Maffei, M. & Mucciarelli, A. (2003). Essential oil yield in peppermint/soybean strip intercropping. Field Crops Research, 84, 229-240. 

29. Marshner, H. (1995). Mineral Nutrient of Higher Plants. Academic Press, London.

30. McDonald, G. K. (1992). Effects of nitrogen fertilizer on the growth, grain yield and grain protein concentration of wheat. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 43, 946-967.

31. Mohsenabadi, G. H. R., Jahansooz, M. R., Chaichi, M. R., Rahimian Mashhadi, H., Liaghati A. M. & Savaghebi. G. R. (2008). Evaluation of barley-vetch intercrop at different nitrogen rates.  Journal of Agriculture Science Technology, 10, 23-31.

32. Morris, R. A. & Garrity, D. P. (1993). Resource capture and utilization in intercropping: non-nitrogen nutrients. Field Crops Research, 34, 303-317.

33. Rankulatile, H., Homma, K., Horie, T., Kurusa T. & Inamura, T. (1998). Land equivalent ratio of groundnut-finger millet intercrops as affected by plant combination ratio, and nitrogen and water availability. Plant Production Science, 1(1), 39-46.

34. Reddy, A. R., Chaitanya, K. V. & Vivekanandan, M. (2004). Drought induced responses of photosynthesis and antioxidant metabolism in higher plants. Journal Plant Physiology, 161, 1189-1202.

35. Saghatoleslami, M., Haravan, M., Nourmohmadi, G. & Darvish, F. (2007). Effect of drought stress in growth different stages on yield and water use efficiency of five millet genotypes in South Khorasan. Science and Technology of griculture and Natural Resources, 11, 215-225. 

36. Sasani, S., Jahansooz, M. & Ahmadi, A. (2004). The effects of deficit irrigation on water-use efficiency, yield, and quality of forage pearl millet. Agronomy and Plant Breeding. University of Tehran, 150.

37. Sekiya, N. & Yano, K. (2004). Do pigeonpea and sesbania supply ground water to intercropped maize through hydraulic lift? Hydrogen stable isotope investigation of xylem waters. Field Crop Research, 86, 167-173.

38. Shaker-Koohi, S., Nasrollahzadeh, S., & Raei, Y. (2014). Evaluation of chlorophyll value, protein content and yield of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) mungbean (Vigna radiate L.) intercropping. International Journal of Biosciences, 4(8), 136-143.

39. Sharma, O. P. & Gupta, A. K. (2002). Nitrogen-phosphorus nutrition of pearl millet as influenced by intercrop legumes and fertilizer levels. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 25, 833-842.

40. Sinaki, J., MajidiHeravan, M., Shirani Rad, A. H., Noor Mohammadi, G. & Zarei, H. (2007). The effects of water deficit during growth stages of canola (Brassica napus L.). American-Eurasian Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, 2, 417-422.

41. Szumigalski, A. R. & Van Acker, R. C. (2006). Nitrogen yield and land use efficiency in annual sole crops and intercrops. Agronomy Journal, 98, 1030-1040.

42. Tavassoli, A. Ghanbari, A., Ahmadi, M. M. & Heydari, M. (2010). The effect of fertilizer and manure on forage and grain yield of and bean in intercropping. Iranian Journal of Agronomy Research, 8 (2), 96-114. (In Farsi)

43. Tsubo, M., Walker, S. & Ogindo, H. O. (2005). A simulation model of cereal legume intercropping systems for semi-arid regions I. Model development. Field Crops Research, 93, 10-22.

44. Waling, I., Vark, W. V., Houba, V. J. G. & Vanderlee, J. J. (1989). Soil and Plant Analysis, A Series of Syllabi. Plant Analysis Procedures. Wageningen Agriculture University, the Netherland.

45. Walker, S. & Ogindo, H. O. (2003). The water budget of rainfed maize and bean intercrop. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, 28, 919-926.

46. Xu, B., Shan, L., Zhang, S., Deng, X. & Li, F. (2008). Evaluation of switch grass and sainfoin intercropping under 2:1 row-replacement in semiarid region, northwest China. African Journal of Biotechnology, 7, 4056-4067.

47. Yadav, O. P. & Bhatnagar, S. K. (2001). Evaluation of indices for identification of pearl millet cultivars adapted to stress and non-stress conditions. Field Crops Research, 70, 201-208.

48. Yang, G., Aiwang, D., Jingsheng, S., Fusheng, L., Zugui, L., Hao, L. & Zhandong, L. (2009). Crop coefficient and water-use efficiency of winter wheat/spring maize strip intercropping. Field Crops Research, 111(2), 65-73.

49. Zare-Abyaneh, H., Gasemi, A., Marofi, S. & Bayat-Varkeshi, M. (2010). Determination of water requirement, single and dual crop coefficients of garlic in cold semi-arid climate. Water and Soil Science, 20, 111-122.

50. Zhang, F. and Li, L. (2003). Using competitive and facilitative interactions in intercropping systems enhances crop productivity and nutrient use efficiency. Plant and Soil, 248, 305-312.

51. Zhang, Y., Chen, F., Li, L., Chen, Y., Liu, B. R., Zhou, Y. L., Yuan, L. X., Zhang, F. S. & Mi, G. H. (2012). The role of maize root size in phosphorus uptake and productivity of maize/faba bean and maize/wheat intercropping systems. Research Paoer, 55, 993-1001.

52. Zheng, H. F., Chen, L. D., Yu, X. Y., Zhao, X. F. Ma, Y. & Ren, Z. B. (2015). Phosphorus control as an effective strategy to adapt soybean to drought at the reproductive stage: evidence from field experiments across northeast China. Soil Use and Management, 31, 19-28.