نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشگاه زابل- دانشجو
2 هیأت علمی دانشگاه زابل
3 معاون پژوهشی پژوهشگاه دانشگاه زابل
4 دانشیار زراعت، گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
In this regard, an experiment was conducted in a split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications, at the Agricultural Research Institute of Zabol University, during growing season of 2014, 2015 and 2016 years. Main plots consisted of irrigation with 30, 50, 70 and 90% of available water and subplots including plant nutrition with bioumik, nitroxin, mycorrhiza, and no fertilizer. Interaction of year, drought stress and fertilizer was significant for all studied traits. The highest plant height (37.75 cm), number of branches per plant (47.01), fresh and dry weight of herb (86.60 and 31.82 g.plant-1, respectively), foliage yield (1750 Kg.ha-1) and leaf nitrogen and phosphorus (13.35 and 0.742%) were belonged to treatment of irrigation with 90% available water and bioumik fertilizer in second year. The maximum potassium concentration (7.07%) and essential oil percentage (1.575%) and yield (31.22 and 1716.93 g.plant-1/Kg.ha-1) were obtained by irrigation with 30% available water and bioumik fertilizer in second year. Compounds of 1, 8 cineole, b-terpineol and limonene were the most important compounds of rosemary essential oil. Drought stress was caused changes and bio and nano bio-fertilizers were increased essential oil composition of rosemary. Bioumik than other fertilizers, amend better drought stress and improved the growth, foilage and essential oil yield and its compounds of rosemary. Thus, in order to achieve sustainable agriculture, it is recommended to improve agronomic and biochemical properties of rosemary.
کلیدواژهها [English]
10. Begum, A., Sandhya, S., Ali, S. S., Vinod, K. R., Reddy, S. & Banji, D. (2013). An in-depth review on the medicinal flora Rosmarinus officinalis (Lamiaceae). Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Technologia Alimentaria, 12(1), 61-73.
11. Bremner, J. M. & Mulvany, G. S. (1982). Nitrogen Total. In: Page A. L. (ed.). Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 2: Chemical and Microbiological Properties. American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI., USA. p. 595-622.
12. Cardoso, I. M. & Kuyper, T. W. (2006). Mycorrhizas and tropical soil fertility. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 116, 72-84.
13. Chalchat, J. C., Garry, R. P., Michet, A., Benjilali, B. & Chabart, J. L. (1993). Essential oils of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.). The chemical composition of oils of various origins (Morocco, Spain, France). Journal of Essential Oil Research, 5(6), 613-618.
14. Chapman, H. D. & Pratt, P. F. (1961). Methods of Analysis for Soil, Plants and Waters. University of California, Riverside, CA.
15. Chen, J. (2006). The combined use of chemical and organic fertilizers and/or biofertilizer for crop growth and soil fertility. International Workshop on Sustained Management of the Soil-Rhizosphere System for Efficient Crop Production and Fertilizer Use. October, 16 -20. Thailand. p.11.
16. Chinnamuthu, C. R. & Murugesa Boopathi, P. (2009). Nanotechnology and agroecosystem. Madras Agricultural Journal, 96, 17-31.
17. Coronic, G., Hashghaie, J. G., Genty, B. & Briantais, J. M. (1992). Leaf photosynthesis is resistant to a mild drought stress. Photosynthetica, 27, 295-300.
18. Dastbandan Nejad, S., Saki Nejad, T. & Lack, S. (2010). Effect of drought stress and different levels of potassium fertilizer on K+ accumulation in corn. Natural Science, 8(5), 23-27.
19. Demir, S. (2004). Influence of arbuscular mycorrhiza on some physiological growth parameters of pepper. Turkish Journal of Biology, 28, 85-90.
20. DeRosa, M. R., Monreal, C., Schnitzer, M., Walsh, R. & Sultan, Y. (2010). Nanotechnology in fertilizers. Nature Nanotechnology, 5, 91-92.
21. Dixon, R. A. & Paiva, N. (1995). Stress-induced phenylpropanoid metabolism. Plant Cell, 7, 1085-1097.
22. Erkossa, T., Stahr, K. & Tabor, G. (2002). Integration of organic and inorganic fertilizers: effect on vegetable productivity. Ethiopian Agricultural Research Organization, Debre Zeit Agricultural Research Centre, Ethiopia, 82, 247-256.
23. Estrada, B., Pomar, F., Do, A., Az, J., Merino, F. & Bernal, M. A. (1999). Pungency level in fruits of the padron pepper with different water supply. Scientia Horticulturae, 81, 385-396.
24. Fatemy, F. & Evans, K. (1986). Effects of Globodera rostochiensis and water stress on shoot and root growth and nutrient uptake of potatoes. Revune Nematol, 9, 181-184.
25. Fatima, S. F., Farooqi, A. H. A. & Srikant, S. (2000) Effect of drought stress and plant density on growth and essential oil metabolism in citronella java (Cymbopogon winterianus) cultivars. Journal of Medcinal and Aromatic Plant Science, 22 (1B), 563-567.
26. Gershenzon, J. (1984). Changes in levels of plant secondary metabolites under water and nutrient stress.In: Timmermann, B. N., Steelink, C. and Leowus, F. A. (Eds.). Phytochemical Adaptation to Stress. Plenum Press, New York. pp. 273-320.
27. Gharib, F. A., Moussa, L. A. & Massoud, O. N. (2008). Effect of compost and bio-fertilizers on growth, yield and essential oil of sweet marjoram (Marjorana hortensis L.). Journal of Agriculture and Biological Science, 10, 381-387.
28. Gunes, A., Pilbeam, D. J., Inal, A., Coban, S. & Aksu, A. (2008). Influence of silicon on sunflower cultivars under drought stress. II: Essential and nonessential element uptake determined by polarized energy dispersive x-ray fluorescence. Commun in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 39, 1904-1927.
29. Habibi, D. M., Boojar, M. A., Mahmodi, A., Ardakani, M. R. & Taleghani, D. (2004). Antioxidative enzayme in sunflower subjected to drought stress .4th international Crop Science Congress, Brishbane, Australia, 26 septamber 1- Octobr, p.1-4.
30. Han, H. S., Supanjani, D. & Lee, K. D. (2006). Effect of coin coculation with phosphate andpotassium solubilizing bacteria on mineral uptake and growth of pepper and cucumber. Plant, Soil and Environment, 52, 130-36.
31. Hassan, F.A.S., Bazaid, S. & Ali. E. F. (2013). Effect of deficit irrigation on growth, yield and volatile oil contenton Rosmarinus officinalis L. Plant. Journal of Medicinal Plants Studies, 1(3), 12-21.
32. Jackson, M.L. (1973). Soil Chemical Analysis. Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 498p.
34. Jalali, M. (2005). Release kinetics of non-exchangeable potassium in calcareous soils. Communication in Soil Science Plant Analalysis, 36, 1903-1917.
35. Jalali, M. & Zarabi, M. (2006). Kinetics of non-exchangeable potassium release and plant response in some calcareous soils. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 169, 194-204.
36. Jones, H. (1980). Interaction and integration of adaptive response to water stress. Royal Science Society of London, Series, B 273, 193-205.
37. Kalamian, S., Modares Sanavi, S. A. M. & Sepehri, A. (2006). Effect of water deficit at vegetative and reproductive growth stages in leafy and commercial hybrids of maize. Agricultural Research, 5(3), 38-53.
38. Kapoor, R., Chaudhary, V. & Bhatnagar, A. K. (2007). Effects of arbuscular mycorhiza and phosphorus application on artemisinin concenteration in Artemisia annua L. Mycoriza, 17, 581-587.
39. Kapoor, R., Giri, B. & Mukerji, K. G. (2004). Improved growth and essential oil yield and quality in Foeniculum vulgare Mill. on mycorrhizal inoculation supplemented with P-fertilizer. Bioresource Technology, 93, 307-311.
40. Kapoor, R., Giri, B. & Mukerji, K. G. (2002). Mycorrhization of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) to enhance the concentration and quality of essential oil. Journal of Science, Food and Agriculture, 82(4), 339-342.
41. Karthikeyan, B., Abdul Jaleel, C., Lakshmanan, G. M. A. & Deiveekasundaram, M. (2008). Studies on rhizosphere microbial diversity of some commercially important medicinal plants. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 62(1), 143-145.
42. Khalid, A., Muhammad, A. M. & Zahir, Z. A. (2004). Screening plant growth promoting rhizobacteria for improving growth and yield of wheat. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 96, 473-480.
43. Khoram-Dell, S., Kochaki, S., Nasiri-Mahalati, M. & Ghorbani, R. (2008). Application of biological fertilizers on growth indices of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.). Journal of Agricultural Research, 2, 294-285.
44. Kirakosyan, A., Kaufman, P., Warber, S., Zick, S., Aaronson K. & Bolling, S. (2004). Applied environmental stresses to enhance the levels of polyphenolics in leaves of hawthorn plants. Physiology Plantarum, 121, 182-186.
45. Kumar, T. S., Swaminathan, V. & Kumar, S. (2009). Influence of nitrogen, phosphorus and biofertilizers on growth, yield and essential oil constituents in ratoon crop of davana (Artemisia pallens Wall.). Electronic Journal of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 8(2), 86-95.
46. Kusaka, M., Lalusin, A. G. & Fujimura, T. (2005). The maintenance of growth and turgor in pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L. Leeke) cultivars with different root structures and osmo-regulation under drought stress. Plant Science, 168, 1-14.
47. Leithy, S., El-Meseiry, T. A. & Abdallah, E. F. (2006). Effect of bio-fertilizer, cell stabilizer and irrigation regime on rosemary herbage oil yield and quality. Journal of Applied Sciences Research, 2(10), 773-779.
48. Letchamo, W. & Gosselin, A., (1996) Transpiration, essential oil glands, epicuticular wax and morphology of Thymus vulgaris are influenced by light intensity and water supply. Journal of Horticultural Science, 71, 123 – 134.
49. Lorio, P. L. (1986) Growth - differentiation balance: A basis for understanding southern pin beetle-tree interaction. Forest Ecological Management, 14, 259-273.
50. Mahfouz, S. A. & Sharaf-Eldin, M. A. (2007). Effect of mineral vs. biofertilizer on growth, yield, and essential oil content of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.). International Agrophysics, 21(4), 361-366.
51. Milborrow, B. V. (2001). Thepathway of biosynthesis of abscisic acid in Vascular olants: a review of the present state of knowledge of ABA biosynthesis. Journal of Experimental Botany, 52, 1145-1164.
52. Mohammadpour Vashvaei, R., Galavi, M., Ramroudi, M. & Fakheri, B. A. (2015a). Effects of drought stress and bio-fertilizers inoculation on growth, essential oil yield and constituents of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.). Journal of Agroecology, 7(2), 237-253. (In Persian with English Abstract)
53. Mohammadpour Vashvaei, R., Ghanbari, A. & Fakheri, B. A. (2017a). Effect of bio-fertilizers in combination with different rates of chemical fertilizers on the growth characters and sepals yield of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.). Journal of Agroecology, 9(2), 276-295. (In Persian with English Abstract)
54. Mohammadpour Vashvaei, R., Ghanbari, A. & Fakheri, B. A. (2017b). Effect of different fertilization systems (chemical, biological and integrated) on nitrogen and phosphorus concentration, biochemical attributes and sepals dry weight of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.). Journal of Agroecology, 9(3), 652-674. (In Farsi with English Abstract)
55. Mohammadpour Vashvaei, R., Ghanbari, A. & Fakheri, B. A. (2015b). Effect of combined feeding system on N, P and K concentration, biochemical characteristics and calyxes yield of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.). Iranian Journal of Filed Crop Science, 46(3), 497-518. (In Persian with English Abstract)
56. Mohammadpour Vashvaei, R., Ramroudi, M. & Fakheri, B. A. (2017c). Effects of Drought Stress and Bio-fertilizer Inoculation on Quantitative and Qualitative Characteristics of Marian Thistle (Silybum marianum L.). Journal of Agroecology, 9(1), 31-49. (In Farsi with English Abstract)
57. Nagananda, G. S., Das, A., Bhattacharya, S. & Kalpana, T. (2010). In vitro studies on the effects of biofertilizers (Azotobacter and Rhizobium) on seed germination and development of Trigonella foenum-graecum L. using a novel glass marble containing liquid medium. International Journal of Botany, 6, 394-403.
58. Omer, E. A. (1998). Response of wild Egyptian oregano to nitrogen fertilization in sandy soil. Egyptian Journal of Horticulture, 25(3), 295-307.
59. Omer, E. A., Ouda, H. E. & Ahmad, S. S. (1994). Cultivation of sweet marjoram, Majorana hortenses in newly reclaimed lands of Egypt. Journal Herbs Spices Medicinal Plants, 2(2), 9-16.
60. Pal, K. K., Tilak, V. B. R., Saxena, A. K., Dey, R. & Singh, C. S. (2001). Suppression of maize root diseases caused by Macrophomia phaseolina, Fusarium moniliforme and Fusarium graminaerum caused by plant growth promoting rhizobacteria. Microbiological Research, 156, 209-223.
61. Petropoulos, S. A., Dimitra, D., Polissiou, M. G. & Passam, H. C. (2008) The effect of water deficit stress on the growth, yield and composition of essential oils of parsley. Journal of Horticultural Science, 115, 393-397.
62. Ratti, N., Kumar, S., Verma, H. N. & Gautam, S. P. (2001). Improvement in bioavailability of tricalcium phosphate to Cymbopogon martini var. motia by rhizobecteria, AMF and Azospirillum inoculation. Microbiology Research, 156, 145-149.
63. Refaat, A. M. & Saleh, M. M. (1997). The combined effect of irrigation intervals and foliar nutrition on sweet basil plants. Bulletin of Faculty of Agriculture University of Cairo, 48, 515-527.
64. Revilas, J. J., Rodelas, B. Pozo, C. Martinez-Toledo M. V. & Gonzalez-Lopez, J. (2000). Production of B-group vitamins by two azotobacter strains with phenolic compounds as sole carbon source under diazotrophic and adiazotrophic conditions. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 89, 486-493.
65. Rhizopoulous, S. & Diamatoglon, S. (1991). Water stress induced diurnal variations in leaf water relations, stomatal conductance, soluble sugars, lipids and essential oil content of Origanum majorana L. Journal of Hortical Science, 66, 119 – 125.
66. Sanchez, G. E., Carballo, G. C. & Romos, G. S. R. (2008). Influence of organic manures and biofertilizers on the Quality of two Plantaginaceae: Plantago major L. and P. lanceolota L. Revista cubana de plants. Medicinales, 13, 12-15.
67. Sangwan, N. S., Farooqi, A. H. A., Shabih, F. & Sangwan, R. S. (2001). Regulation of essential oil production in plants. Plant Growth Regulation, 34, 3-21.
68. SAS Institute. (2013). The SAS system for Windows. Release 9.2. SAS Institute. Cary, NC.
69. Sharma, A. K. (2002). Biofertilizers for Sustainable Agriculture. Agrobios, India.407p.
70. Simon, J. E., Reiss-Buhenheinra, D., Joly R. J. & Charles, D. J. (1992) Water stress induced alterations in essential oil content and composition of sweet basil. Journal Essenential Oil Research, 4, 71–5.
71. Singh, M. & Ramesh, S. (2000) Effect of irrigation and nitrogen on herbage, oil yield and water-use efficiency in rosemary grown under semi-arid tropical conditions. Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Science, 22 (1B), 659-662.
72. Singh, S. & Kapoor, K. K. (1999). Inoculation with phosphate solubilizing microorganisms and a Vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus improves dry matter yield and nutrient uptake by wheat grown in a sandy soil. Biology and Fertility Soils, 28, 139-144.
73. Sreevalli, Y., Baskaran, K., Chandrashekara, R., kuikkarni, R., SuShil Hasan, S., Samresh, D., Kukre, J., Ashok, A., Sharmar Singh, K., Srikant, S. & Rakesh, T. (2001). Preliminary observations on the effect of irrigation frequency and genotypes on yield and alkaloid concentration in petriwinkle. Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic plant Science, 22, 356-358.
74. Sundara, B., Natarajan, V. & Hari K. (2002). Influence of phosphorus solubilizing bacteria on the changes in soil available phosphorus and sugar cane and sugar yields. Field Crop Research, 77, 43-49.
75. Taiz, L. & Zeiger, E. (2006). Plant Physiology, (4th Ed) Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, Mass, 623p.
76. Terpinc, P., Bezjak, M. & Abramovic, H. (2009). A kinetic model for evaluation of the antioxidant activity of several rosemary extracts. Food Chemistry, 115(2), 740-744.
77. Toro, M., Azcon, R. & Barea, J. M. (1997). Improvement of arbuscular mycorrhiza development by inoculation of soil with phosphate-solubilizing rhizobacteria to improve rock phosphate bioavailability (32p) and nutrient cycling. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 63(11), 4408-4412.
78. Tuomi, J., Niemela, P., Haukioja, E. & Neuvonen, S. (1984) Nutrient stress an explan- at ion for plant antiherbivore responses to defoliation. Oecologia, 61, 208-210.
79. Turtola, S., Manninen, A. M., Rikalaand, R. & Kainulainen, P. (2003). Drought stress alters the concentration of wood terpenoids in Scots pine and Norway spruce seedlings. Journal Chemistry Ecology, 29, 1981-1955.
80. Turkan, I., Bor, M., Ozdemir, F. & Koca, H. (2005). Differential responses of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant in the leaves of drought –sensitive P. vulgaris L. subjected to polyetylenglycol mediated water stress. Plant Science, 168, 223-231.
81. Vinutha, T. (2005). Biochemical Studies on Ocimum sp. Inoculated with Microbial Inoculants. M.Sc, (Agriculture) thesis, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, India.
82. Wang, W., Vinocur, B. & Altman, M. A. (2003). Plant responses to drought towards genetic engineering for stress tolerance. Planta, 218, 1-14.
83. Wu, S. C., Cao, Z. H., Li, Z. G., Cheung, K. C. & Wong, M. H. (2005). Effects of biofertilizer containing N-fixer, P and K solubilizers and AM fungi on maize growth: a greenhouse trial. Geoderma, 125, 155-166.
84. Xia, L., Yang, W. & Xiufengl, Y. (2007). Effects of water stress on berberine, jatrorrhizine and palmatine contents in amur corktree seedlings. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 27(1), 58-64.
85. Yadegari, M., Asadirahmani, H., Noormohammadi, G. & Ayneband, A. (2010). Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria increase growth, yield and nitrogen fixation in Phaseolus vulgaris. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 33, 1733-1743.
86. Youssef, A. A., Edri, A. E. & Gomaa, A. M. (2004). A comparative study between some plant growth regulators and certain growth hormones producing microorganisms on growth and essential oil composition of Salvia officinalis L. Plant Annals of Agricultural Science, 49, 299-311.
)
