نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشکده علوم و مهندسی کشاورزی-پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی-دانشگاه تهران
2 استاد گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات دانشگاه تهران
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Broomrape is an obligate parasite in many economically important crops such as tomato. Success in controlling broomrape is rare hence an understanding of sucrose utilization mechanisms as a critical process for parasite provides developing specific control strategies. This parasite acts as a competitive sink for sucrose, utilizes it in the tuber and converts it to glucose and fructose. Invertases are the major enzymes in sucrose degradation and osmotic adjustment in the parasite. In this paper, the activity of two invertases (PrSAI and PrCWI) involved in different developmental stages of some broomrape species (Phelipanche aegyptiaca, P. ramosa and P. nana) on tomato was studied. Results showed that activity of both mentioned enzymes were detected in all of the developmental stages in the broomrape species; although the PrSAI activity was always higher than the PrCWI activity. The activities of PrSAI and PrCWI was increased and decreased, respectively, as progressing of the developmental stages of broomrape. Enzymes activity and protein and sugar amounts in Egyptian broomrape were high at the early stages and in branched broomrape in the late stages, the first case accorded to the earlier emergence of broomrape on the host and the later one accorded to more shoots and higher biomass in broomrape. In total, results suggested that PrSAI1 and, possibly, PrCWI are suitable targets for gene silencing strategies.
کلیدواژهها [English]
10. El-Hamouch, Y., Benharrat, H. & Thalouran, P. (2006). Effect of root exudates from different tomato genotypes on broomrape (O. aegyptiaca) seed germination and tubercule development. Crop Protection, 25, 501-507.
11. Fer, A., Russo, N., Simier, P., Arnaud, M. C., Thalouarn, P. (1993). Physiological changes in a root hemiparasitic angiosperm, Thesium humile (Santalaceae), before and after attachment to the host plant (Triticum vulgare). Journal of Plant Physiology, 20,15-24.
12. Goldwasser, Y. & Kleifeld, Y. (2004). Recent approaches to Orobanche management: A review. In: Inderjit (Ed), Weed Biology and Management. (pp. 439–566.) Kluwer Academic Publishers.
13. Hacham, Y., Hershenhorn, J., Dor, E. & Amir, R. (2016). Primary metabolic profiling of Egyptian broomrape (Phelipanche aegyptiaca) compared to its host tomato roots. Journal of Plant Physiology, 205, 11–19.
14. Harloff, H. J. & Wegmann, K. (1987). Mannitol pathway in Orobanche. In: Weber HC, Forstreuter W., eds. Parasitic Flowering Plants, Proceedings of the 4th ISPFP, pp. 295-309.
15. Hershenhorg, J., Eizenberg, H., Dor, E., Kapulnik, Y. & Goldwasser, Y. (2009). Phelipanche aegyptiaca management in tomato. Weed Research, 49, 34-37.
16. Kokina S.I. (1946). Izvest. Turkm. Fil. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 62 (314). Abstract: Information Section, Weed Research Organization, A.R.C.
17. Nie, P., Wang, X., Hu, L., Zhang, H., Zhang, J., Zhang, Z. & Zhang L. (2010) .The Predominance of the apoplasmic phloem-unloading pathway is interrupted by a symplasmic pathway during chinese jujube fruit development. Plant Cell Physiology, 51, 1007–1018.
18. Noiraud, N., Maurousset, L. & Lemoine, R. M. (2001). Transport of polyols in higher plants. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 39, 717–728.
19. Pageau, K., Simier, P., Naulet, N., Robins, R. & Fer, A. (1998). Carbon dependency of the hemiparasite Striga hermonthica on Sorghum bicolor determined by carbon isotopic and gas exchange analyses. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology, 25, 695-700.
20. Pan, Q., Zou, K., Peng, C., Wang, X., & Zhang, D. (2005). Purification, biochemical and immunological characterization of acid invertases from apple fruit. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, 47, 50-59.
21. Parker, C. &Riches, C. R. (1993). Parasitic Weeds of the World. Biology and Control. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. 332 pp.
22. Simier, P., Renaudin, S. & Fer, A. (1994). Characteristics of the mannitol pathway in a root hemiparasitic species, Thesium humile Vahl. (Santalaceae). Journal of Plant Physiology, 143, 33–38.
23. Singh, M., Singh, D. V., Misra, P. C., Tewari, K. K. & Krishnan, P. S. (1968). Biochemical Aspects of Parasitism by the Angiosperm Parasites: Starch Accumulation. Physiologia Plantarum, 21: 525–538.
24. Wakabayashi, T., Joseph, B., Yasumoto, S., Akashi, T., Aoki, T., Harada, K., Muranaka, S., Bamba, T., Fukusaki, E., Takeuchi, Y., Yoneyama, K., Muranaka, T., Sugimoto, Y. & Okazawa, A. (2015). Planteose as a storage carbohydrate required for early stage of germination of Orobanche minor and its metabolism as a possible target for selective control. Journal of Experimental Botany, 66, 3085–3097.
25. Westwood, J. H., de-Pamphilis, C. W., Das, M., Fernandez-Aparacio, M., Honaas, L. A., Timko, M. P., Wafula, E. K., Wickett, N. J. & Yoder, J. I. (2012). The parasitic plant genome project: New tools for understanding the biology of Orobanche and Striga. Weed Science, 60, 295-306.
26. Whitney, P. J. (1972). The carbohydrate and water balance of beans (Vicia faba) attacked by broomrape (Orobanche crenata). Annals of Applied Biology, 70, 59-66.
27. Zhang, X., Wang, X., Wang, X., Xia, G., Pan, Q., Fan, R., Wu, F., Yu, X. & Zhang, D. (2006). A shift of phloem unloading from symplasmic to apoplasmic pathway is involved in developmental onset of ripening in grape berry. Plant Physiology, 142(6), 220–232.
)