اثر دما، موقعیت و پوشش بذر بر جوانه‌زنی جمعیت‌های یولاف‌وحشیAvena ludoviciana

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دکتری علوم علف های هرز

2 سایر

چکیده

یولاف وحشی به دلیل وجود خواب در بذور خود می‌تواند به مدت طولانی در خاک حضور داشته باشد. عواملی از قبیل دما، موقعیت و پوشش بذر قادر به تغییر در جوانه‌زنی بذور می‌باشند. به منظور بررسی نحوۀ پاسخ‌دهی بذور یولاف‌وحشی نسبت به دما، موقعیت و پوستۀ بذر دو آزمایش به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار در آزمایشگاه دانشگاه تهران، اجرا گردید. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل جایگاه بذر در سنبلچه (دانۀ پایه بزرگتر و دانۀ فوقانی کوچکتر)، دما (5، 10، 15، 20، 25، 30 و 35 ) بودند. پاسخ سرعت جوانه‏زنی به دما با استفاده از مدل سه پارامترۀ سیگموئیدی استفاده شد. نتایج حاکی از این بود که کمترین درصد و سرعت جوانه‌زنی در بذور بدون پوشش بزرگ و کوچک در میان جمعیت‌ها در جمعیت یولاف‌وحشی قائم‌شهر با کمترین وزن بذر دیده شد. لازم به ذکر است که بذر بزرگتر بدون پوشش جمعیت یولاف‌وحشی قائم‌شهر در تمامی دماهای مورد بررسی درصد جوانه‌زنی (80 درصد) بیشتری نسبت به بذر کوچکتر (56 درصد) بدون پوشش داشت. در مقابل جمعیت یولاف‌وحشی کامیاران می‌باشد که بیشترین وزن دانه را داشت. این جمعیت در میان سایر جمعیت‌های یولاف‌وحشی بیشترین درصد و سرعت جوانه‌زنی را نشان داد. در این جمعیت نیز بذر بزرگتر بدون پوشش در تمامی دماها درصد جوانه‌زنی بیشتری نسبت به بذر کوچکتر بدون پوشش داشت. به دلیل وجود تنوع بالا بین جمعیت‌های علف‌هرز یولاف‌وحشی نمیتوان برنامۀ مدیریتی قابل توصیه به همه مناطق را داشت. از اینرو توصیه‌هایی مدیریتی باید در مقیاس منطقه‌ای با توجه به رویکرد هر منطقه اتخاذ گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Role of temperature, position and seed-coat in the regulation of wild oat population germination

نویسندگان [English]

  • Somayyeh Forozesh 1
  • Hamid Rahimian Mashhadi 2
  • Hassan Alizade 2
  • Mostafa Oveisi 2
1
2
چکیده [English]

Wild oats seed is dormant and seeds can persist in the soil for a long time. Factors that influence germination are temperature, seed position and seed coat. Thus, laboratory experiments were conducted at University of Tehran, Collage of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, to study the effect of temperature, seed positin and seed coat on seed germination of four population of Avena ludoviciana. The experimental design was a completely randomized design with factorial arrangement of treatments with three replications. Experimental treatments were seed position (lower and upper seeds), temperatures (5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 ◦c). Response of germination rate against temperature was described with sigmoid function for each population. The results in laboratory showed that the lowest germination percentage (GP) and germination rate (GR) were obtained in Qaemshahr primary and secondary seed without coat, with lowest seed weight among all populations studied. Big seed without coat had higher germination percentages (%80) than small seed (%56) in Qaemshahr. In contrast, Kamyaran with highest seed weight had higher germination percentages and germination rate. In Kamyaran population big seed without coat had higher germination percentages and germination rate than small seed. . Decreasing in GP and GR in seed with coat compare to seed without coat in Marvdasht and Mahidasht, were observed. However, management plans could be proposed at regional scale according to the approach of modifying the patterns of agronomic to which the local populations have adapted.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Keywords:Seed coat
  • Seed position
  • Seed dormancy
  • Sigmoidal model

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 26 دی 1395
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 01 خرداد 1396
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 03 خرداد 1396
  • تاریخ انتشار: 01 اسفند 1396

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