پاسخ‌های فیزیولوژی زیره سبز (Cuminum cyminum L) به تنش کم‌آبی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی سابق کارشناسی ارشد اصلاح نباتات پردیس ابوریحان دانشگاه تهران

2 عضو هیات علمی دانشگاه تهران - پردیس ابوریحان

3 استادیار گروه علوم زراعی و اصلاح نباتات پردیس ابوریحان دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

به منظور مطالعه اثر تنش کم آبی بر برخی از صفات فیزیولوژی، آزمایشی در قالب طرح لاتیس ساده با استفاده از 49 اکوتیپ بومی زیره سبز (Cuminum cyminum) در دو تکرار تحت شرایط تنش کم‌آبی و نرمال در سال زراعی 92-1391 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی پردیس ابوریحان دانشگاه تهران اجرا گردید. صفاتی از قبیل غلظت اسیدآمینه پرولین، محتوای قندهای محلول، اسانس، کلروفیلa، کلروفیلb، کاروتنوئید، محتوی نسبی آب برگ و عملکرد دانه اندازه‌گیری شد. نتایج نشان داد که اثر تنش کم‌آبی بر کلیه صفات مورد بررسی معنی‌دار (0.01≥p) بود. با اعمال تنش، به ترتیب غلظت کلروفیل a، b، کاروتنوئید، محتوی نسبی آب برگ و عملکرد دانه 40، 32، 52، 9 و 19 درصد کاهش یافت و بر غلظت پرولین، قندهای محلول و اسانس 30، 55‌ و 56 درصد افزوده شد. با توجه به نتایج مقایسات میانگین نیز به ترتیب اکوتیپ های کاشمر، چترود، ایوانکی، گنبد، اردکان، سیوند، قائن و بانه بیشترین مقدار کاروتنوئید، کلروفیلa، کلروفیلb، محتوی نسبی آب برگ، قندهای محلول، پرولین، درصد اسانس و عملکرد دانه را داشتند. به طور کلی گیاه دارویی زیره سبز به‌عنوان یک گیاه نیمه مقاوم به تنش کم‌آبی از سازوکارهای فیزیولوژیکی مختلفی برای مقابله با تنش استفاده می‌کند که با روش‌های به‌نژادی می‌توان در جهت تولید ارقام متحمل با عملکرد کافی از آن‌ها بهره جست.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Physiological responses of cumin (Cuminum cyminum) to water deficit stress

چکیده [English]

To study the effect of low water stress on some physiological characteristics, an experiment was carried out in a simple lattice design with two replications under normal and low irrigated conditions using 49 cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) endemic ecotypes collected from different parts of Iran in the crop year 2011-2012 in college of Aburaihan, University of Tehran. Physiological traits including content of proline, soluble sugars, essential oil, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids and relative water content were measured beside grain yield. The results showed significant effect of drought stress on all the traits. Drought stress decreased chlorophyll a, b and carotenoid contents, grain yield and relative water content in 40, 32, 52, 19 and 9 percent, respectively. Meanwhile, contents of proline, soluble sugars and essential oils increased 30, 55 and 56 percent, respectively. According to the results of mean comparisons, ecotypes of Kashmar, Chatrood, Ivanaki, Gonbad, Ardekan, Sivand, Qaen and Baneh had the high amount of carotenoids, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, relative water content, soluble sugars, proline, essential oil content and grain yield, respectively. In general, cumin as a moderately tolerant plant to water deficit condition, exploit different physiological mechanisms to cope with stress and breeding strategies focusing on physiological aspects can be applied to improve high yield cultivars tolerant to drought stress.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Cuminum cyminum
  • Drought stress
  • Essential oil
  • Physiological traits
  • proline

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 16 آذر 1395
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 27 بهمن 1395
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 02 اسفند 1395
  • تاریخ انتشار: 01 اسفند 1396

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