ارزیابی اثر مالچ گندم و سطوح مختلف کود نیتروژن بر رشد علف‌های‌هرز و برخی صفات زراعی بادرشبو

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد زراعت

2 هیئت علمی دانشگاه زنجان

3 سرپرست دانشگاه زنجان

4 عضو هیات علمی دانشگاه زنجان

چکیده

به منظور شبیه سازی اثر نیتروژن و مالچ گندم بر آلودگی علفهای هرز، عملکرد بادرشبو آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل در بهار 1393 انجام شد. فاکتور اول کود نیتروژن در3 سطح عدم کوددهی، و افزودن 50 و 100 کیلوگرم در هکتار به صورت کود اوره به خاک جهت ایجاد سطوح مختلف نیتروژن و فاکتور دوم مالچ گندم در 4 سطح، عدم استفاده از مالچ به عنوان شاهد، مالچ با وزن 1 ، 5/1 و 2 کیلوگرم در مترمربع بود. یک تیمار نیز به عنوان شاهد عاری از علف هرز (وجین علفهای هرز تا آخر فصل) در نظر گرفته شد. نتایج نشان داد که زیست توده و تراکم علفهای هرز پهن برگ و مجموع علفهای هرز در 70 روز پس از کاشت بطور معنی دار تحت تاثیر مقدار مالچ و اثر متقابل مالچ و نیتروژن قرار گرفت. زیست توده و تراکم علفهای هرز باریک برگ فقط تحت تاثیر مالچ قرار گرفت. در نمونه برداری آخر فصل بالاترین زیست توده علفهای هرز در کاربرد 100 کیلوگرم نیتروژن و در شرایط عدم استفاده از مالچ دیده شد. بطور کلی بالاترین تراکم و زیست توده علفهای هرز در تیمار عدم استفاده از مالچ و کمترین آن در تیمار 2 کیلوگرم در مترمربع مالچ گندم مشاهده شد. تداخل علفهای هرز عملکرد بیولوژیک بادرشبو را از 5495 کیلوگرم در هکتار در تیمار شاهد به 852 کیلوگرم در هکتار کاهش داد. بعد از شاهد عاری از علف هرز، بیشترین عملکرد دانه و بیولوژیک در تیمار کاربرد 100 کیلوگرم نیتروژن و کاربرد یک کیلوگرم مالچ گندم دیده شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of the effect of wheat mulch and nitrogen fertilizer on weed growth and some agronomic traits of Dracocephalum moldavica

نویسندگان [English]

  • afsaneh moradian 1
  • Alireza Yousefi 2
1 Master student of agriculture
2
3
4
چکیده [English]

In order to simulate the effects of soil nitrogen and straw mulch on weed infestation and yield of Dracocephalum moldavica; an experiment was conducted in 2014. The first factor was of nitrogen in three levels including non-fertilization, and 50 and 100 kg ha-1 into the soil to create different levels of nitrogen in the soil and the second factor was mulch amount in four levels including: without mulch as a check, mulching with 1, 1.5 and 2 kg m-2. A plot with hand weeding was also considered as a check. Biomass and density of broad-leaved and total weeds at 70 days after planting, significantly affected by the amount of mulch and interactions of mulch× nitrogen. Both density and biomass of grass weed only affect with mulch amount. At the end of the season sampling, biomass of broadleaf and grass weeds was affected by both factors and their interaction as well. While, for total weeds only mulching effects was significant. At the end of the season, the highest broadleaf and grass weeds biomass was observed when 100 kg N ha-1 used without mulching. Overall, plots without mulch and the use of 2 kg m-1 of mulch had the highest and lowest weed biomass, respectively. Compared to, the biological yield of D. moldavica was decreased from 5495 kg ha-1 in to 8525495 kg ha-1 in weedy check. Except for weed free treatment, the highest seed and biological yield was obtained in plot with 100 kg N ha-1 and 1 kg m-2 mulch.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Biomass
  • straw mulch
  • weed management

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فایل ها

سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 13 مرداد 1394
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 25 بهمن 1396
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 20 خرداد 1396
  • تاریخ انتشار: 01 اسفند 1396

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