ارزیابی اثر روش های خاک ورزی بر خصوصیات شیمیایی، بیولوژیکی خاک و صفات کمی ذرت علوفه ای در تناوب با نخود

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه لرستان

2 دانشیار گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه لرستان

3 استاد گروه زراعت پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران

4 استادیار گروه خاکشناسی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه لرستان

چکیده

به منظور ارزیابی تاثیر روش‌های مختلف خاکورزی بر عملکرد ذرت علوفه ای در تناوب با نخود و خصوصیات شیمیایی و بیولوژیکی خاک، آزمایشی طی دو سال 94-1392 در مزرعه پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران اجرا شد. طرح آزمایش به صورت اسپلیت پلات در قالب طرح پایه بلوک کامل تصادفی با 4 تکرار اجرا شد. عامل اصلی آزمایش شامل سه روش خاک ورزی (خاک‌ورزی متداول، حداقل و کشت مستقیم) و عامل فرعی شامل سه رقم ذرت (SC704 ، Zp677، Maxima) بودند. زمین آزمایش دارای 30 درصد از بقایای نخود روی سطح خاک بود. نتایج نشان داد میزان کربن آلی، اسیدیته خاک، تعداد و وزن کرم خاکی در تیمارهای حداقل و کشت مستقیم نسبت به خاک‌ورزی متداول بالاتر بود، ولی خاک‌ورزی تاثیری بر نیتروژن کل، شوری و سدیم خاک نداشت. نتایج نشان داد بیشترین وزن خشک و تر ساقه، وزن خشک بلال و وزن تر علوفه کل در رقم Zp677 به ترتیب 5/1866، 5/691، 4/664 و 9/4896 گرم در مترمربع مشاهده شد. وزن تر و خشک برگ، وزن تر و خشک بلال و وزن خشک کل در بین تیمار خاک‌ورزی متداول و حداقل اختلاف معنی دار مشاهده نشد. همچنین صفات اندازه گیری شده در تیمار کشت مستقیم نسبت به دیگر تیمار خاک‌ورزی در سال دوم آزمایش افزایش بیشتری داشت. به طوری که بین تیمارهای خاک‌ورزی متداول و کشت مستقیم در سال دوم آزمایش اختلاف آماری معنی داری مشاهده نشد. باتوجه به نتایج، استفاده از خاک ورزی حداقل و کشت مستقیم در تناوب نخود- ذرت می تواند جایگزین خاک‌ورزی متداول گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Soil tillage methods effects on soil chemical and biological properties and quantitative traits of silage maize (Zea mays L.) in rotation with chickpea

نویسنده [English]

  • amin allah mousavi boogar 1
1 دانشگاه لرستان
2
3
4
چکیده [English]

This experiment was done to evaluate the effects of soil tillage methods on chemical and biological properties of the soil along with quantitative traits of silage corn after chickpea as a preceding or companion crop. The experiment was conducted for two cropping years of 2013-15 at farm of Tehran University. The experiment was set up as a split plot in RCBD in four replications. The main factor considered three soil tillage methods (conventional, minimum and no-tillage) and the sub-factor included three varieties of maize (SC704, Zp677, Maxima). The experimental units covered by chickpea residue by at least 30 percent of the surface area. Results showed that the no-tillage and minimum tillage treatments had higher amount of soil organic carbon, pH and number and body mass of earthworm than the conventional tillage treatment. Tillage treatments had no significant effect on measured soil total nitrogen, electrical conductivity and sodium. Also, the highest maize wet and dry stem weight (691.5 and 1866.5 gm-2), Ear dry weight (664.4 gm-2) and total plants wet weight (4896.9 gm-2) observed in Zp677 maize cultivar. Conventional and minimum tillage methods had significant effects on leaf and ear wet and dry weights and total plant dry weight traits. Thus, in the 2nd year of this experiment, no-tillage was more effective than other tillage methods. But, there was no significant effect between no-tillage and conventional tillage treatments in the second year. According to the results, both conservation tillage methods is recommended as replacement methods for conventional tillage in maize/chickpea rotation.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • : No-tillage
  • dry weight
  • Organic carbon
  • Soil nitrogen

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 28 شهریور 1395
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 06 اسفند 1396
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 14 فروردین 1396
  • تاریخ انتشار: 01 اسفند 1396

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