تغییرات عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد جو پاییزه در واکنش به فراهمی نیتروژن و تداخل علف‌های هرز

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه تبریز

2 هیأت علمی گروه اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهی- دانشکده کشاورزی- دانشگاه تبریز

3 دکترای فیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی

4 دانش آموخته کارشناسی زراعت و اصلاح نباتات

چکیده

مدیریتعنصرهایغذاییبه‌ویژه نیتروژن، رقابتبینگیاهزراعیوعلف‌های هرزرا تحتتأثیرقرارمی­دهد. از این­رو، برای بررسی تأثیر نیتروژن و تداخل علف‌های هرز برعملکردواجزایعملکرد جوی پاییزۀ رقم ماکویی، آزمایشی مزرعه­ای به­صورت کرت‌های خردشده (اسپلیت پلات) در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار درایستگاهتحقیقاتی دانشکدۀ کشاورزی دانشگاه تبریز انجامشد.تیمارهای آزمایش شامل چهار سطح نیتروژن (0، 40، 80 و 120 کیلوگرم نیتروژن خالص در هکتار) و ده دورۀ تداخل علف‌های هرز(به­صورت دوره­های بدون علف هرز و آلوده به علف هرز) بودند که به ترتیب در کرت­های اصلی و فرعی قرار گرفتند. نتایج نشان داد، با افزایش نیتروژن مصرفی، شمار سنبله در واحد سطح، عملکرد دانه و عملکرد زیست‌تودۀ (بیوماس) جو افزایش و شمار دانه در سنبله کاهش یافت. افزایش رقابت و تداخل علف‌های هرز به افت معنی­دار شمار سنبله در واحد سطح، عملکرد زیست‌توده و عملکرد دانۀ جو منجر شد. بر پایۀیافته­هایاین پژوهش،شمار سنبله در واحد سطح حساس­ترین جزء عملکرد جو به کمبود نیتروژن و تداخل علف­های هرز بود. به‌طورکلی با کاربرد نیتروژن در حدود 80 کیلوگرم نیتروژن خالص در هکتار و مدیریت هر چه بهتر علف‌های هرز از طریق کاهش طول دورۀ تداخل علف‌های هرز با گیاه جو، در شرایط همسان این آزمایش می­توان به عملکرد دانۀ بالا در این گیاه زراعی دست یافت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Chenges in grain yield and yield components of winter barley in response to nitrogen supply and weed interference

نویسندگان [English]

  • Jalil Shafagh-Kolvanagh 1
  • Saeid Zehtab-Salmasi 2
  • Safar Nasrollahzadeh 2
  • Soheila Dastborhan 3
  • Nasrin Hashemi-Amidi 4
1
2
3
4
چکیده [English]

Nutrients management, especially nitrogen, influences the weed-crop competition. Thus, to evaluate the effect of nitrogen and weed interference on yield and yield components of winter barley (Hordeum vulgare L. Var. Makoei), a field experiment was arranged as split-plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications at the Research Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Iran. The treatments included four levels of nitrogen (0, 40, 60 and 120 kg ha-1) and 10 weed interference periods in two sets (weed free and weed infested periods), that allocated to the main and subplots, respectively. Results indicated that increasing nitrogen supply increased spikes per area, grain and biological yields and decreased grain number per spike. Weed interference had significant effect on number of spike per m2, grain number per spike, and grain and biological yields. Increasing duration of weed interference led to significant decrease of spikes per m2, biological and grain yields of barley. Based on the results of this research, spike number per m2 was the most sensitive yield component of barley to nitrogen deficiency and weeds interference. Generally, by application of nitrogen up to 80 kg ha-1 and better weeds management by reducing duration of weed interference in barely, high performance in this crop can be obtained in similar conditions.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Competition
  • Grain yield
  • Spike number
  • Urea
  • Weed

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 12 بهمن 1394
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 19 بهمن 1396
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 14 فروردین 1396
  • تاریخ انتشار: 01 اسفند 1396

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