1دانشجوی دکتری علوم و تکنولوژی بذر، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج
2استاد، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
3استادیار، مؤسسۀ تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیۀ نهال و بذر
تاریخ دریافت: 27 تیر 1394،
تاریخ بازنگری: 15 مهر 1394،
تاریخ پذیرش: 19 تیر 1395
چکیده
کینوا (Chenopodiumquinoa) یک گیاه شبه غله‌ای با ارزش غذایی بالا و متحمل به تنش‌های غیرزنده مانند گرما، سرما و تنش خشکی است. به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر دما بر جوانه‌زنی بذر کینوا در شرایط تنش خشکی آزمایشی به‌صورت فاکتوریل با هفت سطح دما (5، 10، 15، 20، 25، 30 و 35 درجۀ سلسیوس) و چهار سطح تنش خشکی شامل (0، 4-، 8- و 12- بار) انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد، با کاهش پتانسیل اسمزی به 12- بار درصد جوانه‌زنی در دماهای 5، 10 و 15 درجۀ سلسیوس به 0 کاهش یافت ولی به‌تدریج با افزایش دما به 30 درجۀ سلسیوس، درصد جوانه‌زنی به 85 درصد افزایش یافت. در همۀ سطوح دمایی با کاهش پتانسیل اسمزی، سرعت جوانه‌زنی کاهش یافت. با کمی کردن سرعت جوانه‌زنی با استفاده از برازش دو مدل دندان-مانند و بتا ، پنجرۀ مجاز دمایی برای جوانه‌زنی (دماهای کاردینال) با کاهش پتانسیل اسمزی، محدودتر شد. به‌طوری‌که، در پتانسیل‌های 0، 4-، 8- و 12- بار میزان دمای کمینه (پایه) به ترتیب به 1، 1، 2 و 15 درجۀ سلسیوس افزایش یافت و دمای بیشینه (سقف) به ترتیب به 54، 41، 41 و 36 درجۀ سلسیوس کاهش یافت ولی دمای بهینۀ بذر در شرایط مختلف اسمزی کمتر تحت تأثیر قرار گرفت.
Quantifying seed germination response of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) under temperature and drought stress regimes
نویسندگان [English]
Arash Mamedi1؛ Reza Tavakkol Afshari2؛ Niaz Ali Sepahvand3
1Ph.D. Student, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, University College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
2Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
3Asistant Professor, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Karaj, Iran
چکیده [English]
Quinoa (Chenepodium quinoa Willd) is a grain-like crop with high nutritional values and resistant to abiotic stresses such as salinity, drought, cold and heat. In order to study germination characteristics of quinoa seeds underdrought stress conditions at different temperatures, an experiment was conducted. Seeds were incubated on four water potential levels (0, -4, -8 and -12 bar) of PEG and germinated at constant temperatures ranging from 5 to 35°C (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 °C) in Petridishes. Results showed that germination didn’t occur with decreasing water potential to -12 Bar at low temperatures, but germination percentage achieved to %85 in -12 Bar with gradual increase in temperature from 5 to 30°C. Seed germination rate decreased with decreasing water potential at all levels of temperature. Cardinal temperatures at all levels of water potential were calculated by using two nonlinear regression models (beta and dent-like), and then their accurate predictions and performances were compared by root mean square error (RMSE) and coefficient of determination (R2). With decreasing water potential, the permissive temperature range for germination was limited. To sum up, base temperature at (0, -4, -8 & -12) Bar increased to (1, 1, 2.5 & 15°C) and regarding for ceiling temperature decreased to (54, 41, 41 and 36°C), respectively.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
Abiotic stresses, Cardinal temperatures, Germination rate, Quinoa and osmotic potential
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