بررسی سازگاری و پایداری عملکرد رقم‌ها و رگه‌های سویا در چهار منطقه ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی سابق کارشناسی ارشد اصلاح نباتات دانشکدة کشاورزی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد کرج

2 استاد، دانشکدة علوم و مهندسی کشاورزی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج

3 استادیار پژوهش، مؤسسة ‌تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیة ‌نهال و بذر

چکیده

به منظور بررسی سازگاری و پایداری عملکرد 20 ژنوتیپ سویا در چهار منطقه (کرج، گرگان، خرم‌آباد و دشت مغان) پژوهشی به صورت طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی در چهار تکرار اجرا شد. صفات اندازه‌گیری‌شده شامل شمار روز از جوانه­زنی تا گلدهی، تشکیل غلاف، پر شدن کامل دانه و رسیدن کامل دانه، ارتفاع بوته (سانتی‌متر)، شمار گره در ساقه، عملکرد دانه در هر بوته (گرم)، وزن صددانه (گرم)، شمار شاخة فرعی، شمار غلاف در بوته، عملکرد (کیلوگرم در هکتار) بودند. ژنوتیپ‌ها 46/13درصد و محیط 02/56درصد از مجموع مربعات کل را به خود اختصاص دادند، درحالی‌که اثر متقابل ژنوتیپ× محیط 52/30درصد از تغییرپذیری‌های کل را به خود اختصاص داد که حدود 5/2 برابر میزان تغییرپذیری‌های اثر ژنوتیپ بود و این گویای تفاوت‌های اساسی در پاسخ ژنوتیپی در چهار محیط می­باشد. معنی‌دار شدن محیط و ژنوتیپ‌ها در سطح احتمال 1 درصد نشان از  وجود اختلاف بین ژنوتیپ‌ها در میانگین همة محیط‌های آزمایش داشت. به منظور تجزیة اثر متقابل ژنوتیپ× محیط با استفاده از مدل AMMI، تجزیه به مؤلفه‌های اصلی روی ماتریس باقی‌مانده صورت گرفت که مؤلفه‌های اصلی اول و دوم در سطح احتمال 1 درصد معنی‌دار شدند. مؤلفة اصلی اول IPCA1 (56/56) درصد و مؤلفة اصلی دوم IPCA2 (11/31) درصد از مجموع مربعات اثر متقابل را به خود اختصاص دادند که این دو مؤلفه در مجموع 67/87درصد از مجموع مربعات اثر متقابل را توجیه کردند. کمترین میزان عملکرد دانه مربوط به گرگان بود. بر پایة مشخصة (پارامتر) ارزش پایداری (ASV) AMMI  می‌توان ژنوتیپ‌های 5، 15، 18 و 13 را به ترتیب با عملکردهای 60/2676، 19/2545، 94/2610 و 44/2575 کیلوگرم در هکتار به عنوان بهترین ژنوتیپ‌ها معرفی کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Study the adaptability and yield sustainability of soybean genotypes in four regions of Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Simin Soltan Mohamadi 1
  • Seyed Ali Peyghambri 2
  • Hamidreza Babaei 3
1 Former M. Sc. Student, Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Karaj Branch, Iran
2 Professor, University College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
3 Assistant Professor of Research, Seed & Plant Improvement Institute, Karaj, Iran
چکیده [English]

The sustainability performance of 20 soybean genotypes, in four regions of Iran (Karaj, Gorgan, Khorramabad and Moghan) assessed in a randomized complete block design with four replications. The measured traits included the number of days from sowing to flowering, pod formation, filling and full grain maturity, plant height (cm), node numbers on stems, seed yield per plant (g), 100 grain weight (g), number of branches, number of pods as well as seed yield (kg per ha). Results revealed that the genotypes described 13.46% and the environment defined 56.02% of the total sum squares, while genotype × environment accounted for 30.52% of the variability that was about 2.5 times of the amount caused by genotype changes. This showed the fundamental differences among the genotypes in response to environment. Environment and genotype significant differences revealed the genotypes variances throughout the environment test. In order to analyze the interaction of genotype × environment using AMMI, the principal component analysis was performed on the remaining matrix, in which the first and second main components were significant at 1% level. The first main component (IPCA1) allocated 56.56% and the second component (IPCA2) assigned 31.11% of the sum of squares of the interaction, that make up a total of 87.67% of the sum of squares of mutual explained. The lowest soybean yield was related to Gorgan region, and the stability parameter value (AMMI1) was belonged to genotypes 5, 15, 18 and 13 with 2676.6, 2545.2, 2610.924, 2575.4 seed yield Kg ha-1, respectively and these genotypes announced as the best ones.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Adaptability and yield sustainability
  • AMMI model
  • genotype environment
  • Principal component analysis
  • soybean

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 07 دی 1394
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 21 اردیبهشت 1395
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 05 خرداد 1395
  • تاریخ انتشار: 01 شهریور 1396

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