ارزیابی تأثیر باکتری‌های ریزوسفری محرک رشد بر بهبود شاخص‌های رشد گیاه سویا

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استاد، مؤسسۀ تحقیقات خاک و آب، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

2 دانشجوی سابق کارشناسی ارشد، خاک‌شناسی (بیولوژی خاک)، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، ایران

3 دانشیار، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی دانشگاه ارومیه، ایران

چکیده

یکی از راهکارهای کاهش کاربرد کودهای شیمیایی، استفاده از باکتری­های افزایندۀ رشد گیاه است. در این تحقیق در آغاز 51 جدایۀ باکتری ریزوسفری یونجه از نظر ویژگی‌های محرک ­رشد ­گیاهی غربالگری شدند. با توجه به نتایج غربالگری، دو جدایۀ ریزوبیوم، دو جدایۀ باسیلوس و چهار جدایۀ سودوموناس به‌عنوان جدایه‌های برتر انتخاب و تأثیر آن‌ها بر شاخص­های رشد سویا در قالب آزمایش بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با دوازده تیمار و سه تکرار انجام شد. تیمارها شامل چهار جدایۀ سودوموناس، دو جدایۀ باسیلوس، دو جدایۀ­ ریزوبیوم، مخلوط جدایه­های باسیلوس، سودوموناس و ریزوبیوم، شاهد بدون کود و باکتری، نصف توصیۀ کودی بدون باکتری و توصیۀ کودی بدون باکتری بودند. همۀ تیمارهای حاوی باکتری‌های محرک رشد با باکتری برادی­ریزوبیوم همراه بودند. نتایج نشان‌ داد، همۀ تیمارهای باکتری نسبت به تیمار شاهد، وزن خشک اندام‌های هوایی، وزن­ خشک‌ریشه، شمار گره، شمار غلاف، وزن­ خشک دانه، غلظت آهن، روی و منگنز بخش هوایی، جذب نیتروژن و فسفر بخش­هوایی را به‌طور معنی­داری افزایش دادند. بیشترین غلظت منگنز بخش­هوایی سویا از تیمار ریزوبیوم و بیشترین غلظت فسفر و نیتروژن نیز از تیمار باسیلوس (T5)، ریزوبیوم(T8)  و سودوموناس (T1) به دست ­آمد. کارایی باکتری­های سودوموناس در افزایش شاخص­های رشد سویا بهتر از کارایی جدایه­های باسیلوس و ریزوبیوم بود، که دلیل احتمالی این موضوع به خاصیت محرک رشدی باکتری‌های سودوموناس مربوط می­شود. با توجه به نتایج تحقیق، استفاده از باکتری­های افزایندۀ ­رشد ­گیاه باعث کاهش کاربرد کودهای شیمیایی به‌ویژه نیتروژن و فسفر می­شود. بااین‌وجود کاربرد آن‌ها به‌عنوان کود زیستی در شرایط مزرعه به تحقیقات بیشتری نیاز دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The evaluation of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria effect for improving soybean growth indices

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hossein Besharati 1
  • Shahla Pashapour 2
  • Mahmoud Rezazadeh 3
1 Professor, Soil and Water Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran
2 Former M. Sc. Student, Soil Science (Soil Biology), Agricultural Collage Zanjan University, Iran
3 Associated Professor, Agricultural Collage Urmia University, Iran
چکیده [English]

The use of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria, is a solution to reduce the application of chemical fertilizers. In this research, first 51 rhizobacteria isolated from alfalfa rhizosphere, were screened from plant growth promoting point of view. According to the results of the screening of bacteria, 2 Rhizobium isolates, 2 Bacillus isolates and 4 Pseudomonas isolates were selected as superior strains to prepare the inoculums. To evaluate the effect of selected isolates on soybean growth indices, a completely randomized block design was carried out with 12 treatments and 3 replications. Treatments were included 4 Pseudomonas isolates, 2 Bacilli isolates and 2 Rhizobium isolates, mix of Bacillus, Rhizobium and Pseudomonas, control without Fertilizer and bacteria, half of fertilizer recommendation and Fertilizer recommendation. All Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria treatments were accompany with Bradyrhizobium. The results indicated that bacteria inoculation significantly increased soybean growth indices, such shoot dry weight, root dry weight, root nodules, pods, seed weight, Fe, Zn, Mn, concentration of shoot, shoot nitrogen and phosphorus uptake compared to the control and the highest shoot Mn concentration was related to T8 treatment and the highest shoot N and P concentrations resulted from T5 (Bacillus), T8 (Rhizobium) and T1 (Pseudomonas) treatments. Generally, Pseudomonas bacteria were more effective than Bacillus and Rhizobium, to increase soybean growth indices and it can be attributed to high plant growth promoting properties of bacteria. According to the results, the usage of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), can decrease consumption of chemical fertilizers, especially N and P fertilizers. However, their use in field conditions requires further investigation.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Bacillus
  • Bradyrhizobium
  • Fertilizer recommendation
  • Inoculum
  • PGPR
  • Pseudomonas

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 26 بهمن 1393
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 25 اسفند 1394
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 26 اسفند 1394
  • تاریخ انتشار: 01 اسفند 1395

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