ارزیابی تنوع ژنتیکی و مقایسۀ جمعیت‎های انیسون در ایران (Pimpinella anisum L.)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری اصلاح نباتات، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران

2 دانشیار، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران

3 استادیار، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش جهاد کشاورزی زنجان، زنجان، ایران

4 استاد، پژوهشی مؤسسۀ تحقیقات جنگل‌ها و مراتع کشور، تهران، ایران

چکیده

به‌منظور ارزیابی تنوع ژنتیکی و مقایسۀ هشت جمعیت انیسون ایران (Pimpinella anisum L.)، آزمایشی در قالب طرح بلوک‎های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعۀ تحقیقاتی دانشگاه زنجان طی دو سال 1392 و 1393 انجام گرفت. ویژگی‌های مورد بررسی شامل شمار روز تا گلدهی، شمار روز تا رسیدگی، دورۀ پرشدن دانه، ارتفاع بوته، شمار چتر بارور، شمار چترک در چتر، عملکرد دانه، عملکرد زیست‎توده، شاخص برداشت و درصد اسانس دانه بودند. نتایج تجزیۀ واریانس مرکب ویژگی‌ها نشان داد، بین سال‎های آزمایش و همچنین بین جمعیت‎های مورد بررسی، از نظر همۀ ویژگی‌ها به‌جز دورۀ پرشدن دانه، اختلاف معنی‎داری وجود دارد. بیشترین ضریب‌های تنوع فنوتیپی و ژنتیکی در عملکرد دانه، عملکرد زیست‎توده و درصد اسانس دانه، و بالاترین وراثت‌پذیری در ویژگی‌های درصد اسانس دانه، عملکرد زیست‎توده، عملکرد دانه، شمار چترک در چتر و ارتفاع بوته دیده شد. بر پایۀ تجزیۀ خوشه‎ای، هشت جمعیت مورد بررسی در سه گروه مختلف قرار گرفتند که جمعیت‎های گروه اول از لحاظ ویژگی‌های مهمی همچون شمار روز تا گلدهی، شمار روز تا رسیدگی، ارتفاع بوته، شمار چتر بارور‌، عملکرد دانه و عملکرد زیست‎توده نسبت به دیگر گروه‎ها برتری داشتند. نتایج مشخص کرد که تنوع بالایی بین جمعیت‎های انیسون وجود داشته و با گزینش در جمعیت‎های برتر، عملکرد و درصد اسانس قابل افزایش است. همچنین با توجه به برتری جمعیت‎های قزوین، مرکزی و سبزوار، می‎توان گزینش درون آن‎ها را برای بهبود عملکرد و درصد اسانس پیشنهاد کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of genetic variation and comparison of Iranain anise (Pimpinella anisum L.) populations

نویسندگان [English]

  • Azam Maleki 1
  • Jalal Saba 2
  • Majid Pouryousef 2
  • Hossein Jafari 3
  • Ali Ashraf Jafari 4
1 Ph. D. Student of Plant Breeding, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Agricultural Research and Education Centre of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
4 Professor, Rangelands Research Division, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

In order to evaluation of genetic variation and comparison of 8 populations of Iranian anises, a study was conducted in the research farm of University of Zanjan in randomized complete block design during 1392 and 1393. Evaluated traits were days to flowering, days to maturity, grain filling period, plant height, number of fertile umbels, umbelet numbers per umbel, grain yield, biological yield, harvest index and grain essential oil percentage. Combined analysis of variance showed significant differences between years and between studied populations, point of all traits except grain filling period. The highest coefficients of genetic and phenotypic variation were found in traits of grain yield, biological yield and grain essential oil percentage and the highest heritability in traits of grain essential oil percentage, biological yield, grain yield, umbelet numbers per umbel and plant height, respectively. Based on cluster analysis, 8 under studied populations were divided into three groups that the first group of populations were better than others in terms of important traits such as days to flowering, days to maturity, plant height, number of fertile umbels, grain yield and biological yield. The results showed that there has been a high diversity between anise populations and yield and essential oil percentage is able to increase by selection in anise populations. Also regarding to excellencey of Qazvin, Markazi and Sabzevar populations, selecting within them can be proposed to improve yield and essential oil percent.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Anise
  • Cluster Analysis
  • coefficient of genetic variation
  • essential oil percent
  • heritability

مراجع

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 15 شهریور 1394
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 18 اسفند 1394
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 25 اسفند 1394
  • تاریخ انتشار: 01 اسفند 1395

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