تأثیر روش‎های مختلف خاک‎ورزی بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد نخود وگندم و ویژگی‌های فیزیکی خاک در شرایط دیم کرمانشاه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری رشتة اکولوژی گیاهان زراعی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج

2 استاد، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج

3 دانشیار پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج

چکیده

به منظور بررسی سامانه‌های مختلف خا‌ک‌ورزی متداول و حفاظتی (بی‌خاک‌ورزی و خا‌ک‌ورزی کاهشی) بر عملکرد و برخی صفات گندم و نخود و ویژگی‌های فیزیکی خاک، آزمایش‌هایی در ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی دیم سرارود کرمانشاه به مدت سه سال زراعی(1393-1390) اجرا شد. در سال اول نخود در آزمایشی با استفاده از سه سامانة خا‌ک‌ورزی مختلف در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با پنج تکرار کشت شد. در سال‌های دوم و سوم آزمایشی به‌صورت کرت‌های یکبارخردشده در قالب طرح آماری بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با پنج تکرار اجرا شد. سامانه‌‌های خا‌ک‌ورزی در کرت‌های اصلی، گیاهان زراعی در کرت‌های فرعی قرار گرفتند. نتایج سال اول نشان داد به استثنای کربن آلی خاک، همة صفات تحت تأثیر سامانه‌های خاک‌ورزی قرار گرفتند (01/0 ≥ P). بیشترین درصد رطوبت حجمی خاک در کرت‌های بی‌خاک‌ورزی نخود در سال دوم و بیشترین مقادیر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد در سامانة‌ خاک‌ورزی کاهشی در سال سوم مشاهده شد. سامانه‌های‌ بی‌خاک‌ورزی و خاک‌ورزی کاهشی توانستند بیشترین میزان صفات عملکرد، وزن هزاردانه و ارتفاع گندم را تولید کنند. به‌طورکلی، بیشتر صفات مورد بررسی تحت تأثیر نوع خاک‌ورزی قرار گرفت. با توجه به نتایج به‌دست‌آمده و برتری‌های هر یک از سامانه‌های مختلف خا‌ک‌ورزی، می‌توان سامانة‌‌ خاک‌ورزی کاهشی را به جای سامانة‌‌ خاک‌ورزی متداول به کشاورزان مناطق دیم کرمانشاه پیشنهاد کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of different tillage methods on bread wheat and chickpea yield, yield components and soil physical properties under rainfed conditions in Kermanshah

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hamid Reza Chaghazardi 1
  • Mohammad Reza Jahnsuz 2
  • Ali Ahmadi 2
  • Manouchehr Gorji 3
1 MSc. Student, University College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
2 Professor, University College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
3 Associate Professor, University College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
چکیده [English]

In order to evaluate the effects of convention and conservation (no-tillage and reduced tillage) tillage methods on wheat and chickpea yield and yield components and soil physical properties under rainfed conditions in Kermanshah (N: 34°19', E: 47°17'), some experiments were performed in Sararood Dryland Agricultural Research Station during three cropping seasons (2011-2014). In the first year, chickpea was planted in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with five replications, covering the three tillage methods. In the second and third years, split plot experiments were performed based on RCBD with five replications. The tillage systems located in the main plots while crops, were in sub-plots. Results in the first year showed that, except of soil organic carbon, all studied traits were affected by tillage system (P≤0.01). In the second year, the highest soil moisture was observed in no-tillage plots of chickpea, and the highest yield and yield components were observed in the reduced tillage system of the third year. The no-tillage and reduced tillage systems produced the maximum yield, thousand grain weight and plant height in bread wheat. In general, most of the traits were influenced by tillage types. Regarding the results of the experiments and the other benefits of conservation tillage, reduced tillage recommended as a good replacement for conventional tillage in dryland areas of Kermanshah.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Conventional tillage
  • no-tillage system
  • reduced tillage
  • Soil Erosion
  • Soil moisture

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 29 اردیبهشت 1394
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 16 تیر 1394
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 22 مرداد 1394
  • تاریخ انتشار: 01 دی 1394

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