تأثیر سطوح مختلف تنش‌های شوری و خشکی بر شاخص‌های رشدی و اسانس بادرنجبویه (Melissa officinalis L.)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد گیاهان دارویی، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکدة کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل

2 دانشیار اصلاح نباتات، گروه اصلاح نباتات و بیوتکنولوژی، دانشکدة کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل

3 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد آگرواکولوژی، گروه زراعت، دانشکدة کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل

چکیده

به منظور ارزیابی تأثیر تنش خشکی و شوری بر شاخص­های رشدی و اسانس بادرنجبویه، دو آزمایش در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار اجرا شد. در آزمایش شوری از پنج سطح 0، 1، 2، 3 و 4 دسی‌زیمنس بر متر محلول کلرید سدیم و در آزمایش تنش خشکی از پنج تیمار 50، 5/62، 75، 5/87 و 100 درصد ظرفیت زراعی آب قابل دسترس گیاه به عنوان تیمار­های آزمایش استفاده شد. ویژگی­های ساختار ظاهری (مورفولوژیکی)، درصد مادة خشک و درصد اسانس اندازه‌گیری شدند. شوری و خشکی، به جز درصد اسانس همة مشخصه (پارامتر)­ها را کاهش دادند و تأثیر کاهش شوری بیشتر از خشکی بود. بیشترین و کمترین میزان ویژگی‌های رشدی و درصد اسانس به ترتیب از تیمار 100 و 50 درصد آب قابل دسترس گیاه به‌دست آمد. در آزمایش شوری، با افزایش سطوح شوری همة مشخصه‌های رشدی سیر کاهشی داشتند. درصد اسانس از سطح 0 تا 1 دسی‌زیمنس بر متر افزایش و پس از آن کاهش یافت. با این وجود گیاهان تیمارشده درصد اسانس بالاتری را نسبت به شاهد نشان دادند. تنش­ شوری و خشکی سبب کاهش شاخص­های رشدی و تا حدودی افزایش درصد اسانس شدند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of different levels of salinity and drought stress on growth parameters and essential oil of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hossein Gorgini Shabankareh 1
  • Barat Ali Fakheri 2
  • Roghayeh Mohammadpuor Vashvaii 3
1 M.Sc. Student of Horticulture, Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Iran
2 Associated Professor of Plant Breeding, Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Iran
3 M.Sc. Student of Agroecology, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Iran
چکیده [English]

In order to evaluate the effects of drought and salinity stresses on growth parameters and essential oil of lemon balm, two experiments with three replications in a randomized complete block design were applied. Five levels of salinity including zero, one, two, three and four dS/m of sodium chloride solution, and five drought stress treatments including 50, 62.5, 75, 87.5 and 100% as available water for plants were used. Parameters including morphological, dry matter, and essential oil percentage were measured in each experiment separately. Drought and salinity stress, with the exception of essential oil percentage, decreased all measured parameters and the effect of salinity stress was higher. The highest and lowest growth characteristics were achieved from the 100 and 50% available water treatments, and the maximum and minimum essential oil was achieved from 50 and 100% available water, respectively. In salinity experiment, growth parameters declined with increasing salinity. The level of salinity from zero to one dS/m increased the essential oil percentage. However, compared to control, treated plants showed higher essential oil percentages. Salinity and drought stresses reduced the growth parameters and essential oil percentage was somewhat increased.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Drought
  • Essential oil
  • growth characteristics
  • Lemon balm
  • salinity

مراجع

  1. Agata, I., Kusakabe, H., Hatano, T. & Nishibe, O.T. (1993). Melitric acids A and B, new trimericcaffeicacid derivatives from (Melissa officinalis), Chemical, and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 41(9), 1608-1611.
  2. Albouchi, A., Bejaoui, Z. & ElAouni, M.H. (2003). Influence d’un stress hydrique mode´ re´ ouse´ve` re sur la croissance de jeunes plants de Casuarin aglauca. Se´ cheresse, 14, 137-142.
  3. Alkire, B.H., Simon, J.E., Palevitch, D. & Putievsky, E. (1993). Water management for Midwestern peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) growing in highly organic soel. Indiana, USA. Acta Horticulture, 344, 544-556.
  4. and abscisic acid. Crop Science, 42, 202-207.
  5. Arshi, A., ZainulAbdin, M. & Iqbal, M. (2005). Effect of CaCl2 on growth performance, photosynthetic efficiency and nitrogen assimilation of (Cichorium intybus L.) grown under NaCl stress. Acta Physiology of Plant, 28(2), 137-147.
  6. Ashraf, M. & Akhtar, N. (2004). Influence of salt stress on growth, ion accumulation and seed oil content in sweet fennel. Bologia Plantarum, 48(3), 461-464.
  7. Ashraf, M., Mukhtar, N. Rehman, S. & Rha, E.S. (2004). Salt-induced changes in photosynthetic activity and growth in a potential medicinal plant Bishop’s weed (Ammi majus L.). Photosynthetica, 42(4), 543-550.
  8. Ashraf. M. & Saghir, A. (2000). Influence of sodium chloride onion accumulation, yield components and fiber characteristics in salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive lines of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Field Crop Res, 66, 115-127.
  9. Baghalian, K. Haghiry, A. Naghavi, M.R. & Mohammadi, A. (2008). Effect of saline irrigation on agronomical and phytochemical characters of chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.). Scientia Horticulturae, 116 (2008), 437-441.
  10. BaherNik, Z., Rezaee, M.B., Ghorbanli, M., Asgari, F & Araghi, M.K. (2004). Research on the changes of metabolism in response to water stress in (Satureja hortensis L.). Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research, 20(3), 263-275.
  11. Baricevic, D., Umek, A., Kreft, S., Maticic B. & Zupancic, A. (1999). Effect of water stress and nitrogen fertilization on the content of hyoscyaminand scopolamine in the roots of deadly nightshade (Atropa bllandonna). Environmental and Exprimental Botany, 42, 17-24.
  12. Barret-Lennard, E. G. (2003). The interaction between waterlogging and salinity higher plants: Causes, consequences and implications. Plant Soil, 253, 35-54.
  13. Bates, I.S., Waldren, R.P. & Teare, I. D. (1973). Rapid determination of free proline water- stress studies. Plant Soil, 39, 205-207.
  14. Bennett, C. (2003). Plant extract improves cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease Health-News. Co.UK
  15. Blum, A. (1988). Salinity resistance. CRC. Press.
  16. Blum, A. (2005). Drought resistance, water-use efficiency, and yield potential-are they compatible, dissonant, or mutually exclusive, Australian Journal of Agriculture, 56, 1159-1168.
  17. Bryant, JP., Chapin III, FS., & Klein, DR. (1983). Carbon / nutrient balance of boreal plants in relation to vertebrate herb ivory. Oikos, 40, 357-368.
  18. Capecka, E. & Mareczek, A. (2005). Antioxidant activity of fresh and dry herbs of some Lamiaceae species. Food Chem, 93, 223-226.
  19. Chaudhuri, U.N., Kirkham M. B. & Kanemasu, E.T. (1990). Root growth of winter wheat under elevated carbon dioxide and drought. Crop Science, 30, 853-857.
  20. El-Keltawi, N.E. & Croteau, R. (1986). Influence of foliar applied cytokinins on growth and essential oil content of several members of lamiaceae. Phytochemistry, 26(4), 891 895.
  21. El-Keltawi, N.E. & Croteau, R. (1987). Salinity depression of growth and essential oil formation in spearmint and marjoram and its reversal by foliar applied cytokinin. Phytochemistry, 26, 1333-1334.
  22. Fatima, S., Farooqi, A.H.A, Ansari, S.R. & Sharma, S. (1999). Effect of water stress on growth and essential oil metabolism in Cymbopogon martini (plamerosa) cultivars. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 11, 491- 496.
  23. Fatima, S.F., Farooqi, A.H.A. & Srikant, S. (2000). Effect of drought stress and plant density on growth and essential oil metabolism in citronella java (Cymbopogon winterianus). Journal of Medicinal andAromatic Plant Sciences, 22(1B), 563-567.
  24. Flexas J., Escalona, J., Evain, S., Gulias, J., Moya, I., Osmand, C. & Medrano, H. (2002). Steady-state chlorophyll florescence (Fs) measurements as a tool to follow variations of net Co2 assimilation and stomatal conductance during water-stress in c3 plants. Physiologia Plantarum, 114, 231-240.
  25. Gershenzon, J. (1984). Changes in levels of plant secondary metabolites under water and nutrient stress In: B.N. Timmermann, C. Steelink, and F.A. Leowus, (eds.), Phytochemical adaptation to stress, Plenum Press New York. pp. 273-320.
  26. Goyal, V., Sudha, J. & Bishnoi, N. (1998). Effect of terminal water stress on stomatal resistance, transpiration, and canopy temperature and millet yield. Annual Agriculture Biology Research, 3, 119-122.
  27. Greenway, H. & Munns, R. (1980). Mechanisms of salt tolerance in nonhalophytes. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol, 31, 149-190.
  28. Gregory, P.J. (2006). Plant Roots (Growth, Activity and Interaction with Soils), Blackwell Publishing. pp: 150-173.
  29. Hammatranjan, A. (1998). Advances in plant physiology. Pawan kumar scientific pub. India. P. 381-394.
  30. Hasani, A. (2005). Effects of water stress induced by polyethylene glycol on germination of basil. (Ocimum basilicum L.). Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research of Iran, 21(4), 543-535
  31. Hassani, A. (2002). Investigate the effects of drought and salinity-induced morphological and physiological sodium chloride on some varieties of basil Kshkny Lulu. Ph.D. Thesis, Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modarres University.
  32. Hassani, A. & Omidbaigi, R. (2006). Effect of Water stress on some morphological and biochemical characteristics of purple basil (Ocimum basilicum). Journal Biologycal Sciense, 6(4), 763-767.
  33. Hassani, A. & OmidBeighi, R. (2002). Effects of water stress on some morphological, physiological and metabolical characteristics of basil (Ocimum basilicum). Agricultural Knowledge, 12(3): 47-59.
  34. Heydari, M., Bakhshande, A.M, Nadyan, H., Fathi, GH. & Alamisaaed, KH. (2004). Impact of different levels of salinity and nitrogen on yield and nutrient uptake of sodium and potassium and osmotic regulators in Chamran wheat. Iranian Journal of Agriculture Science, 37(3), 501-510.
  35. Heydari Sharifabad, H. (2001). Plant & Salinity. Institute of Forests and RangelandsResearch. P 199. (in Farsi)
  36. Heydari Sharifabad, H. (2000). Plant and salinity. Publications of the Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Tehran. 199.
  37. Herms, DA. & Mattson, WJ. (1992). The dilemma of plants: To grow or defend, Quart Rev Biologycal, 67, 283-325.
  38. Homaei, M. (2002). Responses of plant to salinity. Iranian national committee onIrrigation and Drainage. P 97. (in Farsi)
  39. Ibrahim, K.M. Collins, J.C. & Collin, H.A. (1991). Effects of salinity on growth and ionic composition of Coleus blumei and Salvia splendens. Horticultural Science, 66(2), 215-222.
  40. Inze, D. & Montagu, M.V. (2001). Oxidative Stress in Plants. Taylor & Francis, 336p.
  41. Jiang , Y. & Huang, B. 2002. Protein alterations in tall fescue in responses to drought stressand abscisic Acid. Crop Science, 42, 202-207
  42. Jiang, Y. & Huang, B. (2000). Effect of drought or heat stress alone and in combination on Kentucky Bluegrass. Crop Science, 40, 1358-1362.
  43. Kafi, M., Lahouti, M. Zand, A. Kamkar, B. Sharifi, H.R. & Goldani, M. 1999. Plant Physiology (Vol. 2). Mashhad University of jihad publications. P, 379.
  44. Lebaschi, M.H., SharifiAshorabadi, A. & Mazaheri. D. 2003. Physical growth of various species of medicinal plant sin drought conditions. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research, 20(3): 261-249.
  45. Levitt, J. 1980. Responses of plants to environmental stresses. 2nd Volume, Water, Radiation, Salt and Other
  46. Stresses, Academic Press, New York.
  47. Letchamo, W., & Gosselin, A. 1996. Transpiration, essential oil glands, epicuticular wax and morphology of Thymus vulgaris are influenced by light intensity and water supply. Journal ofHorticultural Science, 71 (1): 123 – 134.
  48. Lorio, PL. 1986. Growth - differentiation balance: A basis for understanding southern pin beetle-tree interaction.
  49. Mikolajewicz, M., and Filoda. G., 1998. SeptoriamelissaeDesm Control on common bahu (Melissa officinalisL.) Herba, Poloinca. 44 (3): 172-174.
  50. Mirsa, A. & Strivastava, N.K. 2000. Influence of water stress on Japanese mint. Journal of Herbs, Spices and Medicinal Plants, 7: 51-58.
  51. Montanari, M., Degl’Innocenti, E. Maggini, R.,Pacifici, S. Pardossi, A. & Guidi, L. 2008. Effect of nitrate fertilization and saline stress on the contents of active constituents of Echinacea angustifolia DC. Food Chemistry, 107(4): 1461- 1466.
  52. Munns, R. 2002. Comparative physiology of salt and water stress. Plant Cell Environ. 25: 659-671.
  53. Munn, S., & Allegra, L. 2000. The significance of beta carotene, alpha, tocopherol and the xanthophylls. cycle in droughted Melissa officinalis plant. Journal of plant physiology, 27(2): 139-146.
  54. Munne, S., Schwarz, K. Alegre, L. Horvath, G. & Szigeti, Z. 1999. Alpha-tocopherol protection against drought, induced damage in (Rosmarinus officinalis L) and (Melissa officinalis L.) proceedings of an International workshop at Tata, Hungary. 23- 26 August.
  55. Munns, R. & Schachtman. D. P. 1993. Plant responses to salinity significance in relation to time. Internationl Crop Science. 1: 741-745.
  56. Munns, R. 2005. Genes and salt tolerance: bringing them together. New Phytologist, 167, 645 663.
  57. Munns, R. & Termaat, A. 1986. Whole plant responses to salinity. Australia Journal 0f Plant Physiology. 12:43-160.
  58. Namjoo, A. R., Mir vakili, M., Rafieian kopaei, M., & Faghani, M. 2012. Histopatological and biochemical effects of subcute toxicity of lemon balm hydroalcoholic extract on liver and kidney tissues in the surri mice. Journal of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences. 15(4): 62-72.
  59. Nekozad. M. 2009. Effects of salinity on antioxidant enzymes in Shirazian babooneh. Msc Thesis Paiam-e-noor university of Tehran. (in Farsi)
  60. Omidbaigi, R, 1995. Approaches to processing of medicinal plants. The first volume, published by think-day, 183.
  61. Omidbeigi, R., & Sarvestani, M. 2010. Effects of water stress on some morphological characters, the amount of commercial Agasta chefoeniculum [Pursh] Kuntze, Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science (Agricultural Sciences of Iran). 41(2): 161-153.
  62. Pessarakli, M., Huber, J. T. & Tucker, T. C. 1989. Protein synthesis in green beans under salt stress with two nitrogen sources. Journal of Plant Nutrition. 12: 1361-1377.
  63. Pessarakli, M., Tucker, T. C. & Nakabayashi, K. 1991. Growth response of barley and wheat to salt stress. Journal Plant Nutrition. 14: 331-340.
  64. Postini, K., & Zehtab Salmani, S. 1995. Effect of salinity on production of dry matter remobilization of two wheat, Agriculture of Iran. 16: 11-29.
  65. Rabiee, V., 2003. Study the responses of some grape cultivars to drought stress. Ph. D. Thesis in Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tehran.pp.125.
  66. Rhizopoulous, S. & Diamatoglon S. 1991. Water stress induced diurnal variations in leaf water relations, stomatal conductance, soluble sugars, lipids and essential oil content of (Origanum majorana L.). Journal of Horticultural Science. 66 (1): 119 - 125.
  67. Safarnejad, A., Salami, M.R. & Hamidi, H. 2006. Morphology characterization of PP plants to salt stress. Research and Development, 76: 152- 160.
  68. Safarnejhad. A., Sadr. V. A. & Hamidi, H. 2007. The effect of salinity on morphological properties of Nigella sativa. plant breeding and geneticsresearch. 15(1): 75-84 (in Farsi).
  69. Safikhani, F. 2006. Physiological aspects of drought resistancein Deracocephalum moldavica L. PhD thesis, Shahid Chamran University, Ramin Agriculture and Natural Resource Education Center.
  70. Sarani, SH. 2007. Effect of different levels of salinity on germination of six medicinal plants. Symposium of medicinal plants. Tehran. P 49. (in Farsi).
  71. Schulz, H., Jobert, M. & Hubner, W. 1998. The quantitative EEG as a screening instrument to identify sedative effects of single doses of Plant extracts in comparison with diazepam, Phytomedicine. 5(6): 449-458.
  72. Shubhra, K., Dayal, J. Goswami. C.L. & Munjal R. 2004. Effects of water deficit on oil of Calendula aerial parts, Biologycal Plant. 48(3): 445-448.
  73. Simon, J.E. Bodenheim, R.D. Joly, D.J. & Charles, R.J. 1992. Water stress-induced alterations in essential oil content and composition of sweet basil. Journal of Essential OilResearch.4: 71-75.
  74. Sofo, A., Tuzio, A.C. Dichio, B. & Xiloyannis, C. 2005. Influence of water deficit and dewatering on the components of the ascorbate-gluta-thione cycle in four interspecific Prunus hybrids. Plant Science, 169(2): 403-412.
  75. Solinas, V., & Deiana, S. 1996. Effect of water and nutritional conditions on the Rosmarinus officinalis L. phenolic fraction and essential oil yields. RivistaItalian Eppos, 19: 189-198.
  76. Subbarao, G. V. & Johansen, C. 1999. Strategies and scope for improving salinity tolerance in crop plants. pp. 1069 - 1087 In Pessaraki, M.Hand book of plant and crop stress. Marcel Dekker Inc.New York. USA, 303Pp.
  77. Taheri Asghari, A. 2010. Effects of water stress on morphological characteristics, proline and thymol content in thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.). Journal - Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research of Iran, 26(2): 239-251.
  78. Viera, H.J., Bergamaschi, H. Angelocci, L.R. & Libardi, P.L. 1991. Performance of two bean cultivars under two water availability regimes. II. Stomata resistance to vapour diffusion, transpiration flux density and water potential in the plant (in Portugal). Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, 9: 1035-1040.
  79. Wake, G., Court, J. Pickering, A. Lewis, R. Wilkins, R. & Perry, E. 2000. CNS acetylcholine receptor activity in European medicinal Plants traditionally used to improve failing memory. Journal of Ethno pharmacology. 69(2): 105-114.
  80. Wang, W.X, Vinocur, B. Shoseyov, O. & Altman, A. 2001. Biotechnology of plant osmotic stress tolerance: physiological and molecular considerations. Acta Horticulture. 560: 283-295
  81. Weizman, Z., krisnawi, S.Al. Golldfarb, D. & Bitran, C. 1993. Efficiency of herbal tea preparation in infantile colic, Journal of Pediatrics. 122(4): 650-652
  82. Yanishlieva, N., & Marinova, E. 1998. Activity and mechanism of action of natural antioxidants in lipids. Recent Research Developments in oilChemistry. 2(1): 1-14.

فایل ها

سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 06 مرداد 1393
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 28 اردیبهشت 1394
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 16 خرداد 1394
  • تاریخ انتشار: 01 دی 1394

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار