بررسی و گزینش رگه‌های بین‌المللی تریتیکاله برپایة صفات زراعی و مورفوفیزیولوژیک

کوچکی, احمد رضا; مهرور, محمدرضا; یزدان سپاس, امیر; ناظری, محمود; تجلی, حمید

doi:10.22059/ijfcs.2015.55849

بررسی و گزینش رگه‌های بین‌المللی تریتیکاله برپایة صفات زراعی و مورفوفیزیولوژیک

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

¹ استادیار، مؤسسة تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیۀ نهال و بذر

² استادیار، مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خراسان رضوی

³ محقق مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خراسان جنوبی

10.22059/ijfcs.2015.55849

چکیده

به‌منظور ارزیابی و گزینش ارقام تریتیکاله با عملکرد بیشتر و صفات مطلوب زراعی و فیزیولوژیکی، سی ژن‌نمون (ژنوتیپ) دریافتی از مرکز بین‌المللی تحقیقات ذرت و گندم (سیمیت) مکزیک، آزمایشی در قالب طرح آلفالاتیس در دو تکرار و در سه ایستگاه تحقیقاتی کرج، مشهد و بیرجند در سال زراعی 1389-1390 اجرا شد. نتایج به‌دست‌آمده از تجزیة واریانس مرکب، تأثیر ژن‌نمون بر عملکرد دانه و بیشتر صفات را در سطح احتمال 1 درصد معنی‌دار نشان داده که بیانگر واکنش متفاوت ژن‌نمونها است. ضریب‌های همبستگی بین صفات مختلف نشان داد که عملکرد دانة همبستگی مثبت و معنیداری با صفات انتقال مواد یعنی انتقال دوبارة مواد نورساختی (فتوسنتزی)، کارایی ساقه در انتقال ذخایر به دانه و نیز وزن دمگل (پدانکل)، درازای دمگل و وزن میانگرة دوم داشت. با استفاده از رگرسیون مرحلهای دو صفت انتقال دوباره و درازای دمگل به ترتیب بیشترین تأثیر را بر عملکرد دانه نشان دادند، به‌طوری‌که این دو صفت در مجموع (533/0 (R²=از تغییرات عملکرد را توجیه کردند. بر پایة نمودار چندضلعی ژن‌نمون‌های 20،23 و 29 در سه محیط جزو مطلوب‌ترین بودند. با ترسیم بای‌پلات ژن‌نمون در صفت، عملکرد دانه با صفت انتقال دوباره، بیشترین رابطه را داشت. بر این پایه ژن‌نمون 23 با شجرة IRON_2/5/DISB5/3/S…BAGAL_2//FARAS_1 و ژن‌نمون‌های رگة خواهری (سیسترلاین) 29 و 28 با شجرة LIRON_2/5/DISB5/3/SPHD/PVN//YOGUI... و ژن‌نمون 20 با شجرة DAHBI_6/3/ARDI_1/TOPO 1419//ERIZO… با دارا بودن انتقال دوبارة بیشتر و عملکرد بالاتر مشخص و گزینش شدند. بنابراین به نظر میرسد از صفت انتقال دوباره میتوان به عنوان معیاری برای گزینش رگة (لاین)های تریتیکاله استفاده کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

20.1001.1.20084811.1394.46.3.11.9

عنوان مقاله [English]

Agronomical and morphophysiological based selection of triticale promising lines in international nurseries

نویسندگان [English]

Ahmad Reza Koocheki ¹
Mohammad Reza Mehrvar ¹
Amir Yazdansepas ¹
Mahmood Nazeri ²
Hamid Tajalli ³

¹ Assistant Professor, Department of Cereals Research, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Karaj, Iran

² Assistant Professors, Khorasan Razavi Agricultural Research Center, Mashhad, Iran

³ Researcher in South Khorasan Agricultural Research Center, Birjand, Iran

چکیده [English]

In order to select high yielding triticale promising lines with better agronomical and morphophysiological characteristics, this experiment was conducted on سی triticale genotypes received from CIMMYT international nurseries trials in 2010-11 crop season at research stations of Karaj, Mashhad and Birjand. Based on the results of combined ANOVA, the effect of genotype was statistically significant on grain yield and most studied characteristics (p<0.01); which showed different responses of the genotypes to the locations. The results of coefficients of correlation between the studied characterstics showed that the grain yield was positively and significantly correlated with related characteristics of remobilization and its efficiency and also peduncle weight, peduncle height and penultimate weight. According to the results of stepwise regression, the two characteristics of remobilization and peduncle length were respectively the most influencing characteristics on grain yield determining more than 50درصد of the grain yield variation (r² = 0.533). Based on the results of the polygon studying response of the studied genotypes in the target locations, the genotypes 29, 20 and 23 were among the best suited ones for all the three locations. While results of the biplots for the genotypes for the studied characteristics showed highest relationship of grain yield with remobilization. Thus, the genotypes 23 (IRON_2/5/DISB5/3/S…BAGAL_2//FARAS_1), 29 and 28 as sisterlines (LIRON_2/5/DISB5/3/SPHD/PVN//YOGUI...) (and 20 (DAHBI_6/3/ARDI_1/TOPO 1419//ERIZO…) with higher remobilizations and grain yields were selected as the best genotypes. As a conclusion, it seems the remobilization can be regarded as a recommended characteristic in selection of triticale promising lines for target locations.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

international nurseries
remobiliazation
triticale
Grain yield

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