ویژگی های مورفو ـ فیزیولوژیک برگ ژن‌نمون‌های لوبیا در شرایط آبیاری معمولی و تنش کمبود آب

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، مؤسسۀ تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیۀ نهال و بذر، کرج

2 محقق، مؤسسۀ تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیۀ نهال و بذر، کرج

3 محقق، مؤسسۀ تحقیقات ثبت و گواهی بذر و نهال، کرج

چکیده

این بررسی برای ارزیابی ویژگی­های برگ ژن‌نمون­های لوبیا در مؤسسۀ تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیۀ نهال و بذر (کرج) اجرا شد. آزمایش به صورت کرت­های خردشده در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار و با هشت ژن‌نمون لوبیا انجام شد. برخی ویژگی­های مهم مرتبط با برگ در بوتۀ لوبیا، در دو شرایط (رژیم) آبیاری (معمول و کمبود آب) ارزیابی شد. نتایج مقایسۀ میانگین صفات نشان داد که کمبود آب باعث کاهش شمار برگ‌های سه‌برگچه‌ای شد و این کاهش در مرحلۀ رویشی بیشتر از مرحلۀ گل‌دهی بود. رگۀ MCD4011 در هر دو مرحله کمترین کاهش شمار برگ متأثر از تنش را داشت. در این مراحل، رگۀ COS16 به‌طور معنی‌دار شمار برگ خود را کاهش داد. زاویۀ برگ تحت تأثیر آبیاری قرار گرفت و بر اثر تنش کمبود آب افزایش نشان داد. لوبیاهای سفید دارای میانگین افزایش زاویۀ برگ بیشتری بودند. کمبود آب کاهش محسوس شاخص سطح برگ ‌‌‌(Lift Area Index=LAI) در همۀ ژن‌نمون‌ها را موجب شد. در این شرایط، لوبیا قرمز AND1007 دارای شاخص سطح برگ بیشتری نسبت به دیگر ژن‌نمون‌ها بود. تنش دمای برگ را افزایش داد و واکنش ژن‌نمون‌ها از این نظر متفاوت بود. رگه‌های WA4531-17 و KS21486 به ترتیب بیشترین وزن ویژۀ برگ و شاخص شادابی برگ را در هر دو شرایط به خود اختصاص دادند. همۀ ژن‌نمون‌ها دارای محتوای نسبی آب (Relative Water Content=RWC) برگ کمتری در شرایط تنش بودند. میانگین RWC رگه‌های سفید بیشتر از دو گروه دیگر بود. درصد کاهش RWC ژن‌نمون­ها بین 3-10 درصد بود. بیشینه عملکرد کوانتومی (Fv/Fm) تحت تأثیر تنش کاهش پیدا کرد و کمترین کاهش آن مربوط به رگۀ MCD4011 بود. در حالی که لوبیاهای سفید در شرایط معمول (نرمال) دارای بیشترین میزان پرولین بودند، ولی در شرایط تنش کمترین میزان پرولین را داشتند. به‌طورکلی، بیشتر صفات برگ در اثر کمبود آب کاهش و میزان دمای برگ، زاویۀ برگ و میزان پرولین برگ به ترتیب 2 درجۀ سلسیوس، 59درصد (α=24°) و 105درصد افزایش نشان داد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Leaf Morpho-Physiological Characteristics of Common Bean under Contrasting Moisture Regimes

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ali Akbar Ghanbari 1
  • Seyyed Hassan Mousavi 2
  • Ashkan Abbasian 3
  • Sasan Keshavarz 2
1 Assistant Professor, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute (SPII), Mahdasht Road, Karaj, Iran
2 Researcher, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute (SPII), Mahdasht Road, Karaj, Iran
3 Researcher, Seed and Plant Certification and Registration Institute (SPCRI), Nabovvat Blvd, Karaj, Iran
چکیده [English]

Some of the morpho-physiological characteristics related to the leaf growth and development of Phaseolus vulgaris L. genotypes have been studied in the field conditions at the Seed and Plant Improvement Institute (SPII). The study was performed as split plot experiment in a randomized complete block design with four replications in well-watered and water deficit conditions with eight genotypes of white, red and Chitti beans. Results indicated that water deficit reduced the number of trifoliate leaves and the reduction in the vegetative stage was greater than the flowering stage. Due to water stress, MCD4011 had the least reduction and COS16 showed significant reduction in leaf numbers in both stages. Leaf angle was affected by irrigation regimes and increased under water deficit condition. White beans showed more than the average in leaf angle. Drought also increased leaf temperature of all genotypes. Genotypes WA4531-17 and KS21486 had the highest specific leaf weight (SLW) and succulence index (SucI) in both irrigation conditions, respectively. Water shortage caused significant decreases in leaf area index (LAI) and relative water content (RWC) in all genotypes. In this condition, AND1007 had higher LAI than other genotypes. The white lines had mean RWC higher than other two groups. Reduction percentages of RWC in genotypes were between 3-10%. Drought stress reduced quantum yield (Fv/Fm) of PSII photochemistry, the lowest decrease was observed in MCD4011 line. Whereas the white lines had the greatest mean proline content in well-watered treatments, but showed the least values of it under stress conditions. Overall, water deficit caused reductions in the most evaluated traits, and increased leaf temperature, leaf angle and proline content of all genotypes up to 2°C, 59% (α=24°) and 105%, respectively.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Drought
  • leaf angle
  • Quantum yield
  • relative water content
  • succulence index

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علوم گیاهان زراعی ایران
دوره 46، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 2
تابستان 1394
صفحه 287-298

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 22 مهر 1392
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 03 خرداد 1393
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 17 اردیبهشت 1394

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