تأثیر کم‌آبیاری و کاربرد کودهای پرمصرف و کم‌مصرف بر صفات مورفو-فیزیولوژیک مرزۀ یکسالۀ تابستانه (Satureja hortensis L.)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، اکولوژی گیاهان زراعی، پردیس بین‌الملل دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

2 دانشیار گروه زراعت دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

3 استاد، گروه زراعت، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج

4 استاد، گروه زراعت دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

5 استاد گروه زراعت دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

چکیده

برای بررسی تأثیر کم‌آبیاری و کاربرد کود‌های پرمصرف و کم‌مصرف بر برخی صفات گیاه مرزۀ یکسالۀ پژوهشی در ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی شهرستان حاجی‌آباد به صورت کرت‌های خردشده (اسپلیت پلات) در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار طی سال‌های زراعی 1391-1393 اجرا شد. عامل آبیاری در سه سطح آبیاری، شامل آبیاری رایج منطقه، تنش کم‏آبی متوسط و شدید (به‌ترتیب براساس 70، 100 و 130 میلی‏متر تبخیر از تشت تبخیر کلاس A) در کرت‌های اصلی و عامل کودی در نه سطح شامل سوپرفسفات‌تریپل و نیترات‌آمونیوم هر یک در دو سطح کم و زیاد (100 و 200 کیلوگرم در هکتار)، محلول‏پاشی سولفات‌روی و سولفات‌آهن هر یک در دو سطح کم و زیاد (5/0 و 1 کیلوگرم در هکتار)، و شاهد (بدون کاربرد کود) در کرت‌های فرعی قرار داده شدند. تجزیۀ واریانس مرکب داده‏ها نشان داد که تیمارهای مختلف آبیاری و کاربرد کودهای پرمصرف و کم‌مصرف و برهمکنش آنها بر بیشتر صفات گیاه مرزۀ یکساله از جمله ارتفاع بوته و شمار شاخۀ فرعی تأثیر معنی‌داری داشتند. به‌طوری‌که تنش کم‌آبیاری و محلول‌پاشی روی و آهن موجب افزایش میزان پرولین و قند محلول گیاه شد. بیشترین میزان سبزینۀ (کلروفیل) کل (66/2 میلی‌گرم بر گرم مادۀ تر) و بالاترین محتوای آب نسبی برگ (7/62 درصد)، مربوط به عامل آبیاری رایج (شاهد) بود. تنش آبیاری موجب افزایش میزان پرولین، قند محلول و میزان اسانس شد؛ و محلول‌پاشی عناصر کم‌مصرف روی و آهن در هنگام بروز کم‌آبیاری تحمل گیاه مرزۀ یکساله به تنش خشکی را افزایش داد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Deficit irrigation and macro and micro fertilizers effects on Morpho-physiological traits of summer annual savory (Satureja hortensis L.)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Rohallah Hassanzadeh 1
  • Mohsen Jahan 2
  • Naser Majnoon Hosseini 3
  • Ahmad Nezami 4
  • Parviz Rezvani Moghaddam 5
1 Ph. D. Student, Ecology Crops, International College of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
2 Associate Professor, Department of Crop Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
3 Professor, Department of Crop Science, University College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj
4 Professor, Department of Crop Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
5 Professor, Department of Crop Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
چکیده [English]

To investigate the effect of deficit irrigation and macro and micro fertilizers on morpho-physiological characteristics of Satureja a field experiment was conducted in Agricultural Research Station of Haji-Abad (Hormozghan province-Iran) a split plot randomized complete block design with three replications during the growing season of 2012-2014. Irrigation treatments consisted of normal, moderate and severe water stress (with 70, 100 and 130 mm evaporation from open pan class A) as main plots and nine fertilizer allocated to sub-plots included of triple superphosphate, low and high levels (100 and 200 kg per ha) of ammonium nitrate each at low and high levels (100 and 200 kg. ha-1), foliar application of zinc sulfate and iron sulfate each at low and high levels (0 and 0.5 kg. ha-1), and a control (no fertilizer). The experimental results showed that irrigation treatment and fertilizer application had significant effects on plant height and number of secondary branches. Interaction effects showed that moderate water stress and micro fertilizer application increased proline and soluble sugar content in savory plant. The highest chlorophyll concentration (2.66 mg. gr-1 on plant fresh weight basis) and leaf relative water content (62.7%) was related to normal irrigation treatment. The irrigation regime increased levels of proline, and essential oil contents. Also the micronutrients spraying increased the savory plant tolerance to water deficit stress.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Savory
  • irrigation deficit
  • macro and micronutrients
  • Essential oil
  • proline
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