بررسی شکار پس از انتشار بذر چهار گونه از علف‌های هرز در کشتزارهای ذرت

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی سابق دکتری علوم علف‌هرز، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج

2 استاد، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج

چکیده

با انجام آزمایش‌های صحرایی، شکار پس از انتشار بذر علف‌های هرز تاج‌خروس (Amaranthusretroflexus)، سلمه‌تره (Chenopodium album)، قیاق (Sorghum halepense) و تاتوره (Daturastramonium) در کشتزارهای ذرت مشهد و چناران، در تابستان و پاییز 1386 و در طی هفت هفتۀ متوالی بررسی شد. آزمایش به صورت فاکتوریل و در قالب طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار انجام شد. تیمارها شامل گونۀ علف هرز، زمان نمونه‌برداری و استفاده از قفس بودند. برای بررسی نقش پرندگان در شکار پس از انتشار بذر، از قفس های توری و برای تعیین نوع و شمار شکارگران بی‌مهره، از ظرف‌های پلاستیکی به‌عنوان تله استفاده شد. میزان شکار پس از انتشار بذر گونه‌های مختلف در بین کشتزارها و نیز در هر کشتزار با هم تفاوت معنی‌دار داشت. میانگین کل شکار در کشتزار ذرت منطقۀ چناران (55درصد) بیشتر از کشتزار ذرت منطقۀ مشهد (47درصد) بود که می‌تواند ناشی از عامل‌هایی چون روش آبیاری و نیز شمار شکارگران در دو کشتزار باشد. صرف‌نظر از نوسان میزان شکار پس از انتشار، با رفتن به‌سوی آخرین نمونه‌برداری، الگوی شکار پس از انتشار، روند کاهشی را نشان داد. در هر دو منطقه، تأثیر شکارگران پرنده بر میزان شکار معنی‌دار نبود. شکارگران بی‌مهره، اصلی‌ترین گروه شکارگران در هر دو منطقه بودند و مورچه‌ها، بیشترین شمار شکارگران بی‌مهره را به خود اختصاص دادند اما دیگر بی‌مهرگان بذرخوار مانند جیرجیرک‌ها و سوسک‌های کارابیدۀ بذرخوار نیز در تله‌ها به دام افتادند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Post-dispersal seed predation of four weed species in maize fields

نویسندگان [English]

  • Shahrzad Noroozi 1
  • Hassan Alizadeh 2
  • Hamid Rahimian Mashhadi 2
1 Post Graduate Studen in Weed Sicence, Agronomy and Plant Breeding Department, University College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj
2 Professor, Agronomy and Plant Breeding Department, University College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj
چکیده [English]

To evaluate post-dispersal seed predation of weeds in maize fields, factorial experiments with four replications were conducted in 2007 in Mashhad and Chenaran, NE of Iran using four common weed species in maize field. Treatments were weed species, sampling periods and cages. Removal of Amaranthus retroflexus, Chenopodium album, Sorghum halepense and Datura stramonium were measured during seven sequential weeks in two maize fields from August until October 2007 Wire mesh cages were used to determine the predation by avian predators. Invertebrate seed predator activity-density was monitored using pitfall traps. Seed removal was significantly different between fields and among species. Post-dispersal seed predation was higher in Chenaran maize field (55درصد) than Mashhad field (47درصد) that could be resulted from difference in irrigation method and the number of invertebrate predators. Except some fluctuations during the predation period, seed removal decreased toward the end of experiments in both places. Cage exclusion had no significant effect on predation in both places, showing no significant removal of seeds by birds. Invertebrates were the most important predators in both fields and ants were the main invertebrateseed predators but other seed eater invertebrates like crickets and different seed eater carabid beetles were caught in to pitfalls too

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • cage
  • invertebrate
  • maize
  • pitfall
  • seed dispersal
  • weed seed predation

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 20 مهر 1393
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 25 شهریور 1394
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 22 تیر 1394
  • تاریخ انتشار: 01 تیر 1394

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