اثر تنش شوری بر توزیع یونی و برخی ویژگی‌های فیزیولوژیک و بیوشیمیایی ارقام گندم

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش آموخته دکتری، گروه زاعت و اصلاح نباتات پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران

2 استاد گروه زاعت و اصلاح نباتات پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران

3 دانشیار گروه زاعت و اصلاح نباتات پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

مطالعه حاضر با هدف بررسی واکنش ارقام گندم به تنش شوری از نظر صفات فیزیولوژیک و بیوشیمیایی و درک بهتر ساز و کارهای تحمل به تنش شوری و دستیابی به منابع ژنتیکی مطلوب انجام گرفت. آزمایش بر روی 5 رقم گندم و دو سطح شوری (شاهد و 16 دسی زیمنس بر متر) به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار به اجرا درآمد. نتایج نشان داد تنش شوری سبب کاهش معنی‌دار وزن اندام هوایی و ریشه گیاه، غلظت پتاسیم و نسبت پتاسیم به سدیم ارقام مختلف گندم گردید و این کاهش در سطوح بالاتر تنش شوری، شدیدتر بود. میزان سدیم گیاه در نتیجه تنش شوری افزایش یافت به طوریکه همبستگی منفی و معنی‌داری بین ماده خشک شاخساره و غلظت یون سدیم بخش هوایی (886/0-) وجود داشت. علاوه بر این ارقام متحمل در مقایسه با ارقام حساس با بالا نگه داشتن نسبت پتاسیم به سدیم در شاخساره و ریشه عملکرد مناسب‌تری را در شرایط تنش شوری از خود نشان دادند، چنانچه نسبت پتاسیم به سدیم همبستگی مثبت و معنی داری (798/0) را با ماده خشک شاخساره ارقام نشان داد. ارقام متحمل شامل شعله و اروند سدیم کم‌تری را به بافت‌های بالایی خود انتقال دادند و ارقام حساس اترک و گلستان میزان سدیم بیشتری در بافت‌های خود داشتند. غلظت یون پتاسیم اندام‌های هوایی همبستگی مثبت و معنی‌داری (842/0) با ماده خشک شاخساره داشت. با توجه به همبستگی منفی و معنی دار بین غلظت سدیم و کلروفیل (927/0-) می‌توان گفت متابولیسم گیاه تحت تاثیر تنش شوری قرار می‌گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Salt Stress on Some Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics of Wheat Cultivars

نویسندگان [English]

  • Zohreh Dianat Maharlouei 1
  • Kazem Poustini 2
  • Ali Reza Abbasi 3
1 Agronomy and Plant Breeding Dept., University College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
2 Agronomy and Plant Breeding Dept., University College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
3 Agronomy and Plant Breeding Dept., University College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
چکیده [English]

The aim of this study to evaluate the response of wheat cultivars to salt stress on some physiological and biochemical characteristics and more understand about the mechanisms of resistance to salinity and access to tolerance genetic resources. To evaluate the effects of different concentrations of salinity (control and 16 dS m-1) on morphological and physiological aspects of 5 wheat cultivars, an experiment was conducted using a randomized complete block design with factorial treatments in three replications. The results showed that salt stress causes a significant reduction in shoot and root dry matter, the concentration of K+ and K+/Na+ ratio of different varieties of wheat and this reduction was more severe in higher levels of salinity. The sodium content of the plant increased in high salinity. so that the negative correlation (-.828) between the concentration of sodium ions shoot and shoot and root dry matter. In addition, salt tolerant cultivars compared with the susceptible cultivars showed high K+/Na+ ratio in shoot and root keep better performance in salinity stress. So K+/Na+ showed significant positive correlation (0.747) with the shoot dry matter. salt tolerant cultivars transfer Less sodium in their shoot. shoot K+ ion concentration was positively correlated (.747) with shoot dry matter. The observed negative correlation between sodium concentration and the chlorophyll content (-0.946) indicate that the plant metabolism has been adversely affected by salinity stress.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Wheat
  • Osmotic stress
  • ion distribution

مراجع

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علوم گیاهان زراعی ایران
دوره 52، شماره 1
فروردین 1400
صفحه 177-190

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 25 مهر 1396
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 05 بهمن 1396
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 28 بهمن 1396
  • تاریخ انتشار: 01 فروردین 1400

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