ارزیابی برخی از پاسخ های فیزیولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی ارقام مختلف گندم دیم تحت تیمارهای آبیاری تکمیلی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری فیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی ، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات دانشگاه تهران

2 گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشگاه تهران

3 دانشیار گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه کردستان

4 گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

در مقاله حاضر، آزمایشی بر روی ۷ رقم مختلف گندم بمنظور شناسایی مناسب‌ترین زمان آبیاری تکمیلی و شناخت فرآیندهای فیزیولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی مرتبط با تحمل در برابر خشکی، انجام شده است. این آزمایش، به صورت اسپلیت پلات در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با 3 تکرار تحت آبیاری تکمیلی در مراحل ساقه‌دهی، غلاف رفتن، گلدهی و شرایط بدون آبیاری (دیم) در دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه کردستان، در دو سال متوالی ۱۳۹۳ و ۱۳۹۴ اجرا گردید. بدین منظور، میزان پراکسید هیدروژن (H2O2)، مالون دی آلدیید (MDA)، پروتئین کل، فعالیت آنزیم‌های آنتی‌اکسیدان کاتالاز (CAT)، آسکوربات پراکسیداز (APX)، گوایاکول پراکسیداز (GPX) و سوپر اکسید دیسموتاز (SOD) اندازه‌گیری شد. نتایج تجزیه واریانس نشان داد که در اکثر صفات، بین ارقام و آبیاری تکمیلی اثر متقابل معنی‌داری وجود داشت. بر اساس نتایج به دست آمده، آبیاری تکمیلی منجر به کاهش میزان H2O2 نسبت به تیمار شاهد شد. بیشترین میزان H2O2 و MDA به ترتیب مربوط به ارقام آراس، ابوغریب و تموز، درحالیکه کمترین میزان آن‌ها را رقم آذر ۲ به خود اختصاص داد. اعمال آبیاری تکمیلی در مراحل مختلف ساقه‌دهی، غلاف رفتن و گلدهی سبب افزایش میزان پروتئین کل (به استثنای رقم آراس)، فعالیت آنزیم‌ CAT و SOD در تمامی ارقام و همچنین فعالیت آنزیم APX در ارقام آکساد ۶۵ ، رزگاری، سمیتو و آذر ۲ شد. علاوه بر این، ارقام آذر ۲، رزگاری و اکساد ۶۵ با آبیاری تکمیلی در مرحله گلدهی، توانستند با تنظیم مکانیسم‌های دفاعی خود شرایط موجود را کنترل کنند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of some physiological and biochemical responses of different wheat cultivars under supplementary irrigation treatments

نویسندگان [English]

  • Sahar Hame Rashid 1
  • Ali Ahmadi 2
  • Adel SioSe Marde 3
  • Mohamadreza Jahansouz 4
1 Ph.D. Student in Crop physiology and Professor, Department of Field Crop Science, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
2 Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
3 Associate Professor, Department of Field Crop Science, College of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandij, Iran.
4 Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
چکیده [English]

In the present work, an experimental study on seven different wheat cultivars is carried out to assess the most suitable supplementary irrigation stage and the understanding of physiological and biochemical processes associated with drought tolerance. During the years 2015 and 2016, this experiment is conducted in experimental field of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Kurdistan University as split plot in randomized complete block design with 3 replications under supplementary irrigation conditions at the stemming, boating and flowering stages, respectively. For this purpose, the amount of Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2), Malondialdehyde (MDA), total protein, the activity of Catalase antioxidant enzymes (CAT), Ascorbate peroxidase (APX), Guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) are measured. The analysis of variance showed that there was a significant interaction between cultivars and complementary irrigation in most traits. Based on the obtained results, supplemental irrigation resulted in a decrease in H2O2 levels compared to control. The highest levels of H2O2 and MDA are obtained for Aras, Abughraib and Tamuz cultivars, respectively, whilst the lowest one is obtained for Azar 2. Applying the supplementary irrigation during stemming, boating and flowering stages increased the total amount of protein (except Aras), the activity of CAT and SOD in all cultivars, and also increased the activity of APX in Acsed 65, Rozgari, Semito and Azar 2. Furthermore, it is found that the cultivars Azar 2, Rezgari and Ocsede 65, with supplementary irrigation at flowering stage, were able to control the existing conditions by defining their defense mechanisms.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Supplementary irrigation
  • Wheat
  • Antioxidant Enzymes
  • Malondialdehyde
  • peroxide hydrogen
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