بررسی اثر تنش شوری بر برخی ویژگی‌های فیزیولوژیک و بیوشیمیایی یونجه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

شوری خاک از جمله عوامل محدود کننده عملکرد محصولات زراعی در جهان و ایران به شمار می‌رود. به منظور ارزیابی تأثیر غلظت‌های مختلف شوری (شاهد و 12 دسی زیمنس بر متر) بر ویژگی‌های مورفولوژیک و فیزیولوژیک 10 رقم یونجه، آزمایشی گلخانه‌ای به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار به اجرا درآمد. نتایج نشان داد تنش شوری سبب کاهش معنی‌دار وزن گیاه، غلظت پتاسیم و نسبت پتاسیم به سدیم ارقام مختلف یونجه گردید و این کاهش در سطوح بالاتر تنش شوری، شدیدتر بود. میزان سدیم گیاه در نتیجه تنش شوری افزایش یافت. علاوه بر این ارقام متحمل در مقایسه با ارقام حساس با بالا نگه داشتن نسبت پتاسیم به سدیم در شاخساره و ریشه عملکرد مناسب-تری را در شرایط تنش شوری از خود نشان دادند .ارقام متحمل به شوری سدیم کم‌تری را به بافت‌های بالایی خود انتقال می‌دهند. غلظت یون پتاسیم اندام‌های هوایی همبستگی مثبت و معنی‌داری (762/.) با ماده خشک کل بوته داشت و همچنین همبستگی منفی و معنی‌داری بین ماده خشک کل بوته و غلظت یون سدیم ریشه و بخش هوایی (831/-) وجود داشت و نسبت پتاسیم و سدیم اندام‌های هوایی در بین صفات مورد مطالعه همبستگی مثبت و معنی داری (835/.) را ماده خشک کل بوته ارقام نشان داد. با توجه به همبستگی منفی و معنی داری بین غلظت سدیم و کلروفیل می‌توان گفت متابولیسم گیاه تحت تاثیر تنش شوری قرار می‌گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of salinity on some physiological and biochemical characteristics of alfalfa

چکیده [English]

To evaluate the effects of different concentrations of salinity (control and 12 dS m-1) on morphological and physiological aspects of 10 alfalfa cultivars, an experiment was conducted using a randomized complete block design with factorial treatments in three replications.The results showed that salinity stress significantly reduced dry matter, K+/Na+ ratio and shoot and root K+ concentrations. The sodium concentration of the plants increased with salinity stress, and the salt tolerant cultivars showed lesser sodium transfer into their tissues resulting in a higher shoot and root K+/Na+ ratio compared to susceptible cultivars. K+ concentration in shoot as well as shoot K+/Na+ ratio had significant positive correlations with shoot dry matter of 0.762**and 0.835** respectively. On the other hand there was a significant negative correlation between shoot dry matter and shoot Na+ concentration (-0.831)., showed the highest significant correlation with shoot dry matter. Therefore, it seems that among the traits studied, the Na+ concentration in the shoot may be considered as an appropriate indicator for selection of salt tolerant alfalfa cultivars. The observed negative correlation between sodium concentration and the chlorophyll content (-0.551) indicate that the plant metabolism has been adversely affected by salinity stress.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Alfalfa
  • salinity
  • K/Na ratio
  • photosynthetic pigments

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علوم گیاهان زراعی ایران
دوره 49، شماره 1
خرداد 1397
صفحه 1-10

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 14 بهمن 1394
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 19 مرداد 1395
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 20 شهریور 1395
  • تاریخ انتشار: 01 خرداد 1397

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