بررسی برهمکنش مدیریت خاک‌ورزی، اسید سالیسیلیک و قارچریشه بر تنفس خاک و برخی ویژگی‌های رشدی ذرت

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی سابق کارشناسی ارشد، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات دانشکدۀ کشاورزی، دانشگاه صنعتی شاهرود

2 استادیار، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی، دانشگاه صنعتی شاهرود

3 دانشیار، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی، دانشگاه صنعتی شاهرود

4 دانشیار ، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه صنعتی شاهرود

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر سطوح مختلف عملیات خاک‌ورزی، پیش‌تیمار (پرایمینگ) بذر و قارچ قارچریشه (میکوریزا) بر میزان عملکرد، اجزای عملکرد و برخی از صفات رشدی گیاه ذرت، آزمایشی به‌صورت کرت‌های خردشده (اسپلیت‌پلات) فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال 1393 در ایستگاه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه صنعتی شاهرود اجرا شد. عامل‌های مورد بررسی در این آزمایش شامل سه سطح خاک‌ورزی به‌صورت، 1) خاک‌ورزی رایج (گاوآهن برگردان دار، دیسک و فاروئر)، 2) کاهش‌یافته (دیسک و فاروئر)، 3) حداقل (فاروئر)، به‌عنوان عامل اصلی و ترکیب سطوح پیش‌تیمار بذرها (با و بدون پیش‌تیمار بذرها با اسید سالیسیلیک 1/0 نرمال) و سطوح قارچریشه ( تلقیح و نبود تلقیح) به‌عنوان عامل فرعی بررسی شد. نتایج تجزیۀ واریانس بیانگر تأثیر معنی­دار اثر متقابل سه­گانۀ خاک‌ورزی، پیش‌تیمار بذرها و همزیستی قارچ بر صفات عملکرد زیست‌توده (بیوماس) و عملکرد دانه بود. وزن ظاهری خاک در سطوح مختلف خاک‌ورزی معنی­دار شد. اثر متقابل خاک‌ورزی و همزیستی قارچ نیز بر صفات تنفس خاک، درصد پرگنه‌زایی (کلونیزاسیون) و وزن صددانه معنی­دار بود. نتایج مقایسۀ میانگین­ها نشان داد، ترکیب تیماری خاک‌ورزی رایج×پیش‌تیمار بذرها× همزیستی قارچ به افزایش معنی­دار صفات عملکرد زیست‌توده و عملکرد دانه منجر شد. ترکیب تیماری خاک‌ورزی رایج× همزیستی قارچ نیز سبب افزایش معنی­دار تنفس خاک و وزن صددانه شد. همچنین تیمار خاک‌ورزی رایج باعث افزایش معنی­دار وزن ظاهری خاک شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of tillage management, salicylic acid and mycorrhizal fungi on soil respiration, and some growth characteristics of maize

نویسندگان [English]

  • Afife Neisi 1
  • Mahdieh Parsaeian 2
  • Ahmad Gholami 3
  • Mehdi Baradaran Firoozabadi 3
  • Hamid Abbasdokht 4
1 Former M. Sc. Student, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Shahrood, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Shahrood, Iran
3 Associate Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Shahrood, Iran
4 Associate Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Shahrood, Iran
چکیده [English]

The experiment was conducted to study the effect of different tillage operations, seed priming and application of mycorrhizal fungi on yield, yield components and some growth characters of corn. For this purpose, a split plot factorial in a randomized complete block design was used with three replications in research farm of Shahrood University of Technology, in 2014. Three levels of tillage, conventional tillage (moldboard, disk and furrower), reduce tillage (disc and furrower) minimum tillage (furrower) as a considered main factor. The combination of pretreatment levels (salicylic acid spraying in 0.1 normal concentration and non-spraying) and levels of mycorrhiza (inoculated and non-inoculated) were treated as subplot factors. Analysis of variance showed a significant triple interaction effect of whole treatments on biological and seed yield. Soil bulk density was significantly affected bydifferent levels of tillage. The interaction effects of tillage and fungal symbiosis was significant for soil respiration, the percentage of colonization and 100 seed weight. The results of mean comparison showed that both biological and seed yield was significantly increased in treatment combining of conventional tillage, seed pretreatment and fungal symbiosis. Moreover, the interaction of conventional tillage and fungal symbiosis caused a significant increase in soil respiration and seed weight. Soil bulk density was also significantly increased by conventional tillage.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Arbuscular mycorrhiza
  • biological respiration
  • maize
  • soil phosphorus

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 02 اسفند 1395
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 17 خرداد 1396
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 21 خرداد 1396
  • تاریخ انتشار: 01 آذر 1396

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