ارزیابی تحمل به خشکی نژادگان‌های برنج (Oryza sativa L.) با استفاده از شاخص‌های تحمل و تجزیۀ نمودار دووجهی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی دانشگاه گیلان

2 استادیار، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی دانشگاه گیلان

3 استاد، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی دانشگاه گیلان

4 مربی، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی دانشگاه گیلان

چکیده

در این آزمایش به‌منظور شناسایی نژادگان (ژنوتیپ­)های برنج متحمل به تنش خشکی با استفاده از شاخص­های تحمل، شمار 31 نژادگان برنج هوازی و 22 رقم برنج غرقابی در شرایط بدون تنش و تنش خشکی با قطع آبیاری سی روز پس از نشا­کاری در مرحلۀ بیشینۀ پنجه‌زنی تا پایان دورۀ رویش نژادگان‌ها در بهار سال 1393 در بخش سنگر- رشت ارزیابی شدند. نتایج نشان داد، چهار شاخص میانگین حسابی (MP)، میانگین هندسی (GMP)، تحمل به تنش (STI) و عملکرد (YI) بیشترین همبستگی را با عملکرد دانه در شرایط بدون تنش (YP) و تنش خشکی (YS) داشتند. گروه‌بندی نژادگان­ها با استفاده از تجزیۀ خوشه­ای همۀ نژادگان­ها را به سه گروه متحمل، نیمه متحمل و حساس تقسیم کرد. شمار هفت نژادگان شامل IR81024-B-254-1-B، IR82590-B-B-32-2، IR82635-B-B-82-2، IR82639-B-B-140-1 و Panda و رقم‌های غرقابی درفک و صدری در گروه متحمل قرار گرفتند، در بین این هفت نژادگان، کمترین افت عملکرد به نژادگان­های IR82590-B-B-32-2، Panda و IR81024-B-254-1-B به ترتیب با 28/1، 28/4 و 86/4 درصد کاهش اختصاص یافت. تجزیه به مؤلفه­های اصلی روی شاخص­ها نشان داد، دو مؤلفۀ اول به ترتیب 58 و 40 درصد (درمجموع 98 درصد) از تغییرات کل شاخص­ها را توجیه کردند. نمودار دووجهی (بای­پلات) به‌دست‌آمده از تجزیۀ گرافیکی ضمن تأیید نتایج تجزیۀ خوشه­ای، نشان دادند که برترین شاخص­ها در شناسایی نژادگان­های متحمل، شاخص‌های GMP، MP، YI و STI هستند. همچنین برترین نژادگان­ها در شرایط بدون تنش درفک، IR82639-B-B-140-1، IR82635-B-B-82-2 و IR82590-B-B-32-2 بودند و در شرایط تنش خشکی نژادگان­های IR82590-B-B-32-2، Panda، IR81024-B-254-1-B و درفک برترین نژادگان­ها بودند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of tolerance of rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes using tolerance indices and biplot analysis

نویسندگان [English]

  • Reza Afshari 1
  • Atefeh Sabouri 2
  • Masoud Esfahani 3
  • Ali Kafi Ghasemi 4
1 M.Sc. Student, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Guilan, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Guilan, Iran
3 Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Guilan, Iran
4 Instructor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Guilan, Iran
چکیده [English]

In the present experiment in order to identify tolerant rice genotypes to drought stress using tolerance indices, 53 rice genotypes including 31 aerobic rice and 22 lowland rice evaluated under normal and drought stress conditions by withholding water since 30 days after transplanting of the maximum tillering stage of rice until the end of growth period on cropping seasons of 2014 in the Sangar section of Rasht. The results revealed four indices; mean productivity (MP), geometric mean productivity (GMP), stress tolerance index (STI) and yield index (YI) have the highest correlation with grain yield under normal (YP) and drought (YS) stress conditions. Grouping of genotypes using cluster analysis divided all of genotypes to three groups including tolerant, semi tolerant and sensitive. The seven genotypes contain genotypes IR81024-B-254-1-B, IR82590-B-B-32-2, IR82635-B-B-82-2, IR82639-B-B-140-1 and Panda and two lowland varieties Dorfak and Sadri assigned to tolerant group. Out of these seven genotypes, the minimum of yield loss were for IR82590-B-B-32-2, Panda and IR81024-B-254-1-B with 1.28, 4.28 and 4.86 percent yield loss.The principle component analysis on the indices showed two first components explained 58 and 40 percent (totally 98 percent) of all variation. The biplot derived from graphical analysis in addition to confirmation of cluster analysis results showed the GMP, MP, YI and STI are the best indices in detecting of tolerant genotypes. Also the best genotypes under normal condition were included Dorfak, IR82639-B-B-140-1, IR82635-B-B-82-2 and IR82590-B-B-32-2 and under drought stress genotypes of IR82590-B-B-32-2, Panda, IR81024-B-254-1-B and Dorfak identified as the best genotypes.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Cluster Analysis
  • rice
  • principle component analysis
  • water deficient
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