تأثیر تاریخ‎ و روش‎ کاشت بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد گاوزبان ایرانی (Echium amoenum Fisch. & Mey.) در شرایط کاربرد کودهای زیستی و شیمیایی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، مجتمع آموزش عالی گناباد

2 استاد، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

3 دانشیار، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

چکیده

به­منظور بررسی تأثیر همزمان تاریخ‎ و روش‎ کاشت و کاربرد نهاده‎های بوم‌شناختی یا بوم‎سازگار بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد گاوزبان ایرانی، پژوهشی در سه سال زراعی متوالی 91-1390، 92-1391 و 93-1392 در مزرعۀ تحقیقاتی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد به‌صورت کرت‌های دو بار خرد‌شده در زمان در قالب طرح پایۀ بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام شد. دو تاریخ کاشت (20 اسفندماه 1390 و 15 فروردین‌ماه 1391) در کرت‌های اصلی، سه نوع کود زیستی و شیمیایی قارچریشه یا میکوریزا (حاوی قارچ Glomus mosseae)، بیوسولفور (حاوی باکتری­های Thiobacillus spp.)، کود شیمیایی نیتروژن و شاهد) در کرت‌های فرعی، دو نوع روش کاشت (بذرکاری مستقیم و نشاکاری) در کرت‌های فرعی‌فرعی و زمان (سال زراعی دوم و سوم) در کرت­های فرعی­فرعی­فرعی قرار گرفتند. نتایج آزمایش نشان داد، بیشترین عملکرد گل خشک در شرایط کاربرد قارچ ریشهدر تاریخ کاشت اسفند و در روش بذرکاری به دست آمد. کاربرد کودهای زیستی (بیولوژیک) و شیمیایی در هر دو تاریخ و هر دو روش کاشت افزایش عملکرد دانه را نسبت به شاهد سبب شدند، به‌طوری‌که کاربرد کودهای قارچ ریشه، بیوسولفور و شیمیایی در شرایط نشاکاری در تاریخ کاشت اسفند به­ترتیب منجر به افزایش 45، 42 و 35 درصدی عملکرد دانه در مقایسه با شاهد شد. به‌طورکلی با توجه به یافته‎های این پژوهش به نظر می‎رسد کشت بذری گاوزبان ایرانی در اسفندماه و کاربرد نهاده‎های بوم‌شناختی (اکولوژیکی) به‌ویژه قارچریشه و بیوسولفور در شرایط مشهد نسبت به دیگر تیمارها برتری داشته باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of planting date and method on yield and yield components of Echium amoenum under bio and chemical fertilizers application

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Behzad Amiri 1
  • Parviz Rezvani Moghaddam 2
  • Mohsen Jahan 3
1 Assistant Professor, University of Gonabad, Gonabad, Iran
2 Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
3 Associate Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
چکیده [English]

In order to evaluation of simultaneous effects of planting dates and methods and ecofriendly inputs application on yield and yield components of Iranian Ox-Tangue (Echium amoenum Fisch. & Mey.), a split split plots experiment in time based on randomized complete block  design with three replications was conducted in 2011-2014 growing seasons, in Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran. Two different planting dates (10 March 2011 and 4 Aprill 2011), three different types of biofertilizers and chemical fertilizers (mycorrhiza (Glomus mosseae), Biosulfur, chemical fertilizer and control), two different types of planting methods (direct seeding and transplanting) and two agronomic year assigned to main plots, sub plots, sub-sub plots, sub-sub-sub plots, respectively. The results showed that the highest dry flower yield obtained in March planting date and seeding method and in conditions of mycorrhiza application. Application of biofertilizers and chemical fertilizers in both of planting dates and both of planting methods increased seed yield, so that application of mycorrhiza, biosulfur and chemical fertilizer in transplanting planting method and Aprill planting date increased seed yield 45, 42 and 35% compared to control, respectively. In general, the results of this research, it seems direct seeding of Echium amoenum in March and application of ecological inputs especially mycorrhiza and biosulfur in Mashhad conditions is better than other treatments.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Biofertilizers
  • biosulfur
  • eco-friendly inputs
  • Mycorrhiza
  • Seeding

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 01 مهر 1394
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 19 دی 1395
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 27 دی 1395
  • تاریخ انتشار: 01 آذر 1396

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