تغییر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد دو رقم نخود تحت تأثیر مزوریزوبیوم و قارچریشه در مقادیر مختلف کود آغازگر نیتروژن

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان

2 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان

چکیده

یکی از راه‌های رسیدن به پایداری در نظام‌های زراعی استفاده از قابلیت ریز‌‌جانداران سودمند در جهت بهبود رشد گیاه و کاهش کاربرد کود‌های شیمیایی است. بنابراین به‌منظور بررسی تغییر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد دو رقم نخود تحت تأثیر مزوریزوبیوم و قارچریشه (مایکوریزا) در مقادیر مختلف کود آغازگر نیتروژن، آزمایشی در بهار و تابستان 1394 در مزرعۀ تحقیقاتی دانشکدۀ کشاورزی دانشگاه بوعلی­سینا، اجرا شد. آزمایش به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار اجرا شد.عامل‌های مورد آزمایش شامل تلقیح بذرها با مزوریزوبیوم Mesorhizobium ciceri (دو سطح کاربرد و بدون کاربرد)، قارچریشه Glomus mosseae (دو سطح کاربرد و بدون کاربرد) و کود آغازگر نیتروژن (0،30 و60 کیلوگرم نیتروژن در هکتار) بود که برای هر دو رقم نخود آزاد و هاشم جداگانه بررسی شد. نتایج آزمایش نشان داد، بیشترین عملکرد دانه و زیست‌توده (به ترتیب 46/2013 و 3/5341 کیلوگرم در هکتار) در رقم هاشم در شرایط کاربرد همزمان قارچریشه و مزوریزوبیوم در سطح 30 کیلوگرم نیتروژن در هکتار به دست آمد. درحالی‌که در رقم آزاد بیشترین عملکرد دانه و زیست‌توده (به ترتیب 6/2283 و 8/4042 کیلوگرم در هکتار) در شرایط کاربرد همزمان منابع زیستی در سطح 60 کیلوگرم نیتروژن در هکتار به دست آمد که البته با سطح 30 کیلوگرم در هکتار نیتروژن در حضور هر دو کود زیستی، تفاوت معنی‎داری نشان نداد. بنابر نتایج، کاربرد جداگانه و به‌ویژه همزمان کودهای زیستی مورد بررسی میزان نیاز به کود آغازگر نیتروژن را می‌تواند در هر دو رقم تا حد 50درصد کاهش دهد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Changes of yield and yield components of two chickpea cultivars affected by mesorhizobium and mycorrhiza at different amounts of nitrogen starter fertilizer

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Ali Aboutalebian 1
  • Mojtaba Shirin Abadi 2
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu Ali-Sina University, Hamadan, Iran
2 M.Sc. Student, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu Ali-Sina University, Hamadan, Iran
چکیده [English]

One of the ways to achieve sustainability in farming systems is to use the potential of beneficial microorganisms for improving crop growth and reducing the use of chemical fertilizers. So to evaluate the response of yield and yield components of two chickpea cultivars to mesorhizobium and mycorrhiza under different levels of nitrogen starter fertilizer, an experiment was conducted as factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replications in spring-summer of 2015 at Agricultural Research Station of Bu Ali Sina University. Factors examined were included mesorhizobium (inoculated and no inoculated), mycorrhiza (application and no application) and nitrogen starter fertilizer (0, 30 and 60 kg N ha-1). In this study two chickpea cultivars (Hashem and Azad) were investigated but analyzed separately. The evaluated traits included the number of pods per plant, pod weight, seed weight, seed yield, biological yield and harvest index. The results showed that maximums of grain and biological yields in Hashem cultivar (2013.46 and 5341.3 kg/ha respectively) were achieved in application of two biofertilizers simultaneously with the application of 30 kg N ha-1 similarly in Azad cultivar the maximums of grain and biological yields (2283.6 and 4042.8 w kg/ha respectively) were achieved in application of two biofertilizers simultaneously with the application of 60 kg N ha-1 but there was not a significant difference with 30 kg N ha-1. According to the results separate or simultaneous (emphatic) application of studied biofertilizers can lead to reduced use of nitrogen starter fertilizer by 50% in two studied chickpea cultivars.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Azad
  • inoculation
  • Seed weight
  • Hashem
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