تأثیر کود ‌دامی و محلول‌پاشی اسیدهای آمینه بر ویژگی‌های رشدی، عملکرد دانه و میزان اسانس گیاه دارویی گشنیز (Coriandrum sativum L.)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی سابق کارشناسی ارشد، گروه زراعت، واحد رودهن، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، رودهن، ایران

2 دانشیار، گروه زراعت، واحد رودهن، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، رودهن، ایران

چکیده

با توجه به اثرگذاری‌های سوء‌کاربرد کود‌های شیمیایی در بوم‌نظام‌های زراعی، به‌کارگیری مدیریت‌های پایدار عنصرهای ‌غذایی و منابع غیر شیمیایی، از اولویت‌های نظام‌های تولید پایدار است. این تحقیق به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر کود دامی و محلول‌پاشی اسید‌آمینه بر ویژگی‌های کمی و کیفی گیاه دارویی گشنیز در بهار سال 1392 در اراضی تحقیقاتی شرکت کشاورزی ران واقع در فیروزکوه انجام شد. این آزمایش به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح پایۀ بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار اجرا شد. عامل اول شامل کود دامی در پنج سطح (0، 3، 6، 9 و 12 تن در هکتار) و عامل دوم محلول‌پاشی ترکیبی تجاری از چند اسیدآمینه (هیومی‌فورته) در دو سطح (بدون ‌محلول‌پاشی و محلول‌پاشی) بودند. صفات مورد بررسی شامل ارتفاع ‌بوته، قطر ‌ساقه، شاخص‌ سطح برگ، عملکرد زیست‌توده (بیوماس)، عملکرد دانه و درصد اسانس بودند. نتایج نشان داد، بیشترین ارتفاع بوته (83/62 سانتی‌متر) و عملکرد زیست‌توده (71/9281 کیلوگرم در هکتار) با کاربرد 9 تن در هکتار کود ‌دامی به دست آمد. ولی کاربرد 12 تن کود دامی در هکتار باعث بیشترین شاخص سطح برگ (42/1)، عملکرد دانه (84/1399 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و درصد اسانس (56/0 درصد) شد. همچنین محلول‌پاشی اسیدهای آمینه تأثیر معنی‌داری بر همۀ صفات مورد بررسی داشت. نتایج مقایسۀ میانگین نشان داد، بیشترین ارتفاع بوته (27/61 سانتی‌متر)، شاخص سطح برگ (28/1)، عملکرد زیست‌توده (15/7693 کیلوگرم در هکتار)، عملکرد دانه (92/1110 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و درصد اسانس (50/0 درصد) از محلول‌پاشی اسید‌آمینه به دست آمد. نتایج این آزمایش نشان داد، کاربرد کود دامی و محلول‌پاشی اسیدهای آمینه در تأمین عنصرهای غذایی گیاه دارویی گشنیز در نظام‌های تولید پایدار نقش مؤثری دارند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of manure and foliar application of amino acids on growth characteristics, seed yield and essential oil of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Amir Rezakhani 1
  • Mohammad Reza Haj Seyed Hadi 2
1 Former M.Sc. Student, Department of Agronomy, Roudehen Branch, Islamic Azad University, Roudehen, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Department of Agronomy, Roudehen Branch, Islamic Azad University, Roudehen, Iran
چکیده [English]

Regarding to the adverse effects of chemical fertilizers in agroecosystems, sustainable management of nutrients and non-chemical inputs are the priorities of sustainable production systems. In order to study the effects of manure and foliar application of amino acid on growth characteristics, seed yield and essential oil of coriander, an experiment was conducted at Firouzkuh, Iran in 2013. The experimental design was randomized complete blocks design with factorial arragment in three replications. The factors were manure application (0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 t/ha) and amino acid spraying (control, spraying).  Measured traits were consisted of plant height, stem diameter, leaf area index, biological yield, seed yield and essential oil content in the seeds. Results showed that the highest plant height (62.83cm) and biological yield (9281.71 kg/ha) obtained by using 9 ton manure per hectare. But, applying 12 ton manure per hectare caused maximum leaf area index (1.42), seed yield (1399.84 kg/ha) and essential oil (0.56%). Also, amino acid spraying had significant effects on all traits. Mean comparison showed that amino acid spraying caused maximum plant height (61.27 cm), leaf area index (1.28), biological yield (7693.15 kg/ha), seed yield (1110.92 kg/ha) and essential oil (0.50 %). Results of this investigation showed that applying manure and foliar application of amino acids have a important role in providing nutrients for coriander in sustainable production systems.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Active substance
  • Biological yield
  • Coriander
  • Organic fertilizer

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 27 تیر 1395
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 25 بهمن 1395
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 27 بهمن 1395
  • تاریخ انتشار: 01 آذر 1396

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