مقایسۀ رشد و نمو فنولوژی جمعیت‌های یولاف‌وحشی زمستانه (Avena ludoviciana Durieu)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی سابق دکتری، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج

2 استادیار، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج

3 استاد، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج

4 دانشجوی دکتری، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج

چکیده

بهینه­سازی کنترل یولاف­وحشی در غلات، مستلزم پیش‌بینی دقیق مراحل نموی این علف هرز در طول فصل رشدی است. در این زمینه بررسی­ به‌صورت کرت­های دو بار خردشده در قالب طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال 1392-1391 در پردیس دانشکدۀ کشاورزی دانشگاه تهران، انجام شد. کرت اصلی شامل پنج تاریخ کاشت (26 مهر، 14 آذر، 30 دی، 24 اسفند و 4 اردیبهشت)، کرت فرعی تیمار رطوبتی (آبیاری و بدون آبیاری) و کرت فرعی فرعی شش جمعیت یولاف­وحشی (اهواز، شیراز، قائم‌شهر، کرج، قزوین، اصفهان، کرمانشاه و کامیاران) بود. صفات تاریخ سبز­شدن، پنجه­زنی، ساقه رفتن، خوشه رفتن و رسیدگی شش جمعیت یولاف­وحشی در طی فصل رشد یادداشت‌برداری و در مرحلۀ رشدی زادوکس 92 (مرحلۀ رسیدگی) خوشه­ها گرد­آوری شدند. سرعت سبزشدن در دو جمعیت یولاف­وحشی کامیاران (11/0) و کرج (1/0) به ازای افزایش هر واحد دما در مقایسه با دیگر جمعیت­های یولاف­وحشی بالاتر بود. گیاهچه­های جمعیت کامیاران در مقایسه با دیگر جمعیت­ها، با میزان دمای دریافتی (درجۀ روز رشد) کمتری هر مرحلۀ رشدی را سپری کرد. بنابر نتایج تجزیۀ چند متغیره جمعیت­های یولاف­وحشی را می­توان در چند دسته گنجاند. دو جمعیت کامیاران و کرمانشاه از لحاظ وزن بذر، سرعت سبزشدن و ارتفاع بوته همبستگی بالاتری را نشان می­دهند و به هم نزدیک‌ترند. جمعیت اهواز نسبت به دیگر جمعیت­ها تفاوت بیشتری نشان داده و رشد آن با دما ارتباط نزدیکی داشته است. ‌احتمالاً به دلیل بارندگی بالا در مازندران سرعت پنجه­زنی و به ساقه رفتن در این جمعیت (اکوتیپ) بیشتر بوده است. به دلیل همزمانی رشد و نمو یولاف­وحشی و گندم مدیریت و مهار این علف هرز با پیش‌بینی به هنگام مراحل رشدی از راه شاخص درجۀ روز رشد، می­توان در بهینه‌سازی مدیریت و مهار از جمله تعیین زمان دقیق کاربرد علف‌کش‌ها همراه با کاهش میزان سموم که کاهش آلودگی­های زیست‌محیطی را به دنبال خواهد داشت اقدام کرد و موفق بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Comparison of phenological development of Avena ludoviciana ecotypes

نویسندگان [English]

  • Somayyeh Forozesh 1
  • Mostafa Oveisi 2
  • Hassan Alizade 3
  • Hamid Rahimian mashhadi 3
  • Zahra Farrokhi 4
1 Former Ph. D. Student, University College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, University College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
3 Professor, University College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
4 Ph. D. Candidate, University College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
چکیده [English]

A precise prediction of the phenological development of weed species in crops would provide timely control for more efficient management of weeds. In order to study, experimental design was a randomized complete block split-split-plots conducted in 2012-2013 at agricultural reaserch field of University of Tehran located at Karaj, Iran. With five planting dates (26Mehr, 14 Azar, 30 Day, 24 Esfand and 4 Ordibehesht) as the main plot treatments. The main plots were split with two moisture conditions (irrigated and rainfed) as subplots. Each subplot was further split with six population (Ahvaz, Shiraz, Qaemshahr, Karaj, Kamyaran and Kermanshah). Time to main phonological stages of the A. ludoviciana populations including emergence time, tillering, heading and maturing were compared using linear regression and multivariate methods. Comparing among populations, emergence rate in two population of Kamyaran (0.11) and Karaj (0.1) was higher than the other populations. Kamyaran population with average less temperature spent each stage of phenological development. A clear clustering was obtained based on rates of phonological development and location characteristics of the population’s origin. Kamayaran and Kermanshah populations were in one cluster, karaj and shiraz were more similar, and mazandaran and Ahvaz showed significantly different from other populations. Kamyaran and Kermanshah showed a higher correlation in the weight of seeds, rate of emergence, and altitude. Ahvaz population showed close relations with temperature. In the Mazandaran population the highest tillering rate and stem elongation rate occurred. Also GDD could use for precision time of application of herbicides and could recommend minimum herbicide application, after optimization of the application, the use of such pesticide would be environmentally safe, Due to the simultaneity of the growth of wild oat and wheat.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Avena ludoviciana ecotypes
  • growing degree days
  • Zadoks scale
  • Rate of phenological development
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