تأثیر پیش‌تیمار بذر و تیمار‌های آبیاری بر عملکرد و اجزاء عملکرد نخود (ژنوتیپ هاشم) در دو کاشت پاییزه و بهاره در شمال لرستان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات دانشکدة کشاورزی، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان

2 دانشیار، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات دانشکدة کشاورزی، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان

3 استاد گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات دانشکدة کشاورزی، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر پیش‌تیمار بذر و تیمار آبیاری بر عملکرد و اجزاء عملکرد نخود ژنوتیپ هاشم آزمایشی به‌صورت کرت‌های خردشده در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در دو تاریخ کاشت بهاره و پاییزه در نورآباد-لرستان اجرا شد. عامل اصلی شامل چهار تیمار آبیاری (بدون آبیاری، 75، 100 و 150 میلی‌متر) بر پایة تبخیر از تشت تبخیر کلاس Aو عامل فرعی شامل دو پیش‌تیمار، پرایمینگ (شاهد، ده ساعت پیش‌تیمار) بود. کاشت پاییزه به ترتیب سبب افزایش 9/41، 4/7، 4/3، 5/32، 6/43، 9/62 و 7/13 درصدی شمار نیام بارور، ارتفاع بوته، وزن صد دانه، عملکرد دانة تک بوته، عملکرد زیست‌توده یا زیستی (بیولوژیک)، عملکرد دانه و شاخص برداشت نسبت به کاشت بهاره شد. سطوح آبیاری پس از 75، 100 و 150 میلی‌متر تبخیر از تشت تبخیر به ترتیب با میانگین 2296، 2044 و 1775 کیلوگرم در هکتار افزایش 4/75، 1/56 و 5/35 درصدی در عملکرد دانه نسبت به سطح بدون آبیاری (1309 کیلوگرم در هکتار) را نشان دادند. پیش‌تیمار بذر افزایش 5/8 درصدی عملکرد دانه نسبت به شاهد را نشان داد. می‌توان استنباط کرد که کاشت پاییزه به همراه آبیاری پس از 75 میلی‌متر تبخیر برای دستیابی به بیشترین عملکرد ژنوتیپ هاشم در شمال لرستان مناسب است و اعمال پیش‌تیمار بذر نیز می‌تواند سبب بهبود عملکرد دانه شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of seed priming and irrigation regimes on grain yield and components of spring and autumn-sown Hashem chickpea genotype in northern Lorestan, Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ali Gholami Zali 1
  • Parviz Ehsanzadeh 2
  • Jamshid Razmjoo 3
1 M.Sc. Student, Faculty of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
2 Associate Professor and Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
3 Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
چکیده [English]

In order to study the effects of irrigation regimes, planting season and seed priming on grain yield and components of Hashem genotype of chickpea in Nurabad, northern Lorestan, two 3-replicate split-plot field experiments, one autumn- and the other spring-sown, were conducted. The primed and non-primed seeds (subplots) of this chickpea genotype were sown in autumn and spring and subjected to four irrigation levels (i.e. irrigation after 75, 100 and 150 mm evaporation from a Class-A Pan and no irrigation). Autumn-sown chickpea out-performed the spring-sown chickpea by 41.9, 7.4, 3.4, 32.5, 43.6, 62.9, and 13.7% in terms of pods/plant, plant height, 100-seed weight, seed weight/plant, dry matter and grain yield and harvest index, respectively. Irrigation after 75 (2296 kg/ha), 100 (2044 kg/ha) and 150 mm evaporation (1775 kg/ha) led to 75.4, 56.1 and 35.5% increases in grain yield, respectively, relative to the no irrigation condition (1309 kg/ha). Seed priming led to 8.5% increase in grain yield, averaged over planting seasons and irrigation levels. It could be concluded that while seed priming enhances grain yield, planting genotype Hashem in autumn along with irrigation after 75 mm evaporation may lead to notable increase in its grain yield in the northern regions of Lorestan.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Autumn chickpea
  • Drought stress
  • Priming

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 24 شهریور 1393
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 17 شهریور 1394
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 22 مهر 1394
  • تاریخ انتشار: 01 خرداد 1395

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