تأثیر نظام‌های کشت خالص و مخلوط بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد دانۀ لوبیاچیتی در شرایط وجین و بدون وجین علف‌های هرز

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نبات دانشکدۀ کشاورزی دانشگاه گیلان

2 استاد، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نبات دانشکدۀ کشاورزی دانشگاه گیلان

3 استادیار، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نبات دانشکدۀ کشاورزی دانشگاه گیلان

4 دانشیار، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نبات دانشکدۀ کشاورزی دانشگاه گیلان

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی واکنش عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد لوبیاچیتی در شرایط رقابتی با علف­های هرز در مخلوط با ذرت و کدوی تخمه کاغذی، آزمایشی در دو مکان (رشت و رودسر) در سال 1392 اجرا شد. آزمایش به­صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار انجام شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل؛ لوبیاچیتی (100 و 75%)، ذرت – لوبیاچیتی (100:100 و 75:75%) و ذرت ـ لوبیاچیتی ـ کدوی تخمه کاغذی (100:100:100 و 75:75:75%) و دو تیمار وجین و بدون وجین (رقابت) بودند. نتایج نشان داد علف­های هرز موجود در رشت نه گونه و در رودسر شش گونه بود. در رودسر علف هرز پهن­برگ تاج­خروس و در رشت علف­های هرز باریک برگ مرغ و پنجه مرغی غالب بودند. در رودسر، تیمار وجین نقش برجسته­ای در کنترل علف­های هرز داشت، درحالی‌که در رشت نقش تیمار وجین به دلیل وجود علف­های هرز چندساله کمرنگ­تر بود. مخلوط­های دوگانه و سه­گانه، علف­های هرز را بهتر از کشت خالص کنترل کردند. در رودسر، بیشترین شمار غلاف در بوته، دانه در غلاف، وزن صددانه و عملکرد دانۀ لوبیاچیتی در تیمار وجین در کشت خالص و در تیمار رقابت در مخلوط­ها به دست آمد. در رشت بالاترین عملکرد دانه در کشت­های خالص با تراکم بیشتر به دست آمد. درنهایت، در تیمارهای بدون وجین، کشت­های مخلوط دوگانه و سه­گانه به سبب کنترل بهتر علف­های هرز در مقایسه با کشت‌های خالص بیشترین عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد را تولید کردند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of sole and intercropping systems on yield and yield component of pinto bean in controlling and no-weeding of weeds

نویسندگان [English]

  • Parasto Moradi 1
  • Jafar Asghari 2
  • Gholam Reza Mohsen Abadi 3
  • Habib Allah Samiezadeh 4
1 Ph.D Student, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture Sciences University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
2 Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture Sciences University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
3 Assistance Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture Sciences University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
4 Associate Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture Sciences University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
چکیده [English]

To study the response of pinto-bean yield and yield components in intercropping with maize and naked-pumpkin under weed competition, two similar experiments were conducted in Rasht and Roudsar separately each in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications on factorial arrangements experiment in 2013. The treatments of first factor consisted of  pinto bean (100 and 75%) sole cropping, maize – pinto bean (100-100 and 75-75%) double cropping and maize- pinto bean- naked pumpkin triple cropping (100-100-75 and 75-75-75%). The treatments of second factor include twice hand weeding and no weeding. The results showed that nine weed species were found in Rasht and six weed species were in Roudsar experimental stations. The broadleaf pigweed in Rousdsar and grassy weeds of Bermudagrass and hairy crabgrass were dominant in Rasht. In Roudsar area, the hand weeding treatments had outstanding role in weeds control, while, in Rasht experiments was not clear, due to presence of perennial weed. Double and triple cropping systems suppressed weeds more than sole cropping systems. In Roudsar, the highest number of pods per plant, number of grain per pod, 100 grain weight and grain yield of pinto bean were observed in sole cropping in hand weeding and the lowest amount of them were observed in sole cropping system in no weeding. In Rasht, the highest grain yield was observed in sole cropping with high planting density. Finally, double and triple cropping systems due to better weed control produced the highest yield and yield components in comparison with sole cropping systems in no weeding treatment.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Grain yield
  • maize
  • Naked-pumpkin
  • triple intercropping
  • weeds dry weight
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