بررسی تأثیر تنش کمبود آب بر ویژگی‌های رویشی و عملکرد ژنوتیپ‏های مختلف پنبه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناس مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان سمنان (شاهرود)- ایستگاه گرمسار، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، گرمسار، ایران

2 استاد، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران (کرج)، ایران

3 استادیار، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران (کرج)، ایران

4 استادیار پژوهش موسسه تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

5 استادیار مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان تهران، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ورامین، ایران

چکیده

در سال زراعی 94-1393 به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر تنش کمبود آب بر ویژگی‌های رویشی و عملکرد پنبه، آزمایشی در ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی گرمسار انجام شد. سی ژنوتیپ پنبه در شرایط گلخانه و در یک آزمایش کرت‎های خردشده در قالب طرح بلوک‏ کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار، ارزیابی اولیه شد. پس‌ازآن، عملکرد پنج ژنوتیپ شامل K8801, K8802 آونگارد، ورامین، خرداد و بومی قوزة قرمز قم در شرایط مزرعه و در سطوح مختلف تنش کمبود آب بررسی شد. بررسی صحرایی به‌صورت کرت‏های خردشده در قالب طرح بلوک‏ کامل تصادفی بود که کرت‏های اصلی به سه سطح تنش (شاهد، متوسط و شدید) و کرت‏های فرعی به ژنوتیپ‏های پنبه اختصاص داده شدند. نتایج نشان داد، در شرایط گلخانه ویژگی‏های رویشی رقم‌های تحت تأثیر تنش کمبود آب قرار گرفتند. در آزمایش صحرایی و در شرایط تنش کمبود آب، رقم‌ها و ژنوتیپ‏های مختلف از نظر ویژگی‌های رویشی، عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد تفاوت معنی‌دار آماری داشتند. درمجموع، صفات زیست‏تودة ریشه و شاخساره، شمار انشعاب ریشه، قطر طوقه و میزان سبزینگی همبستگی مثبت و معنی‎دار با عملکرد در مزرعه داشتند. به‌طورکلی مقایسة ژنوتیپ‌های موردبررسی در این پژوهش نشان داد که ژنوتیپ k8801 از نظر تولید عملکرد در شرایط تنش کمبود آب، بیشترین میزان این صفت را داشت و به‌عنوان ژنوتیپ برتر در این منطقه معرفی شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of water deficit stress on some vegetative aspects and yield of cotton genotypes

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ali Naderi Arefi 1
  • Ali Ahmadi 2
  • Manijeh Sabokdast 3
  • Alireza Tavakoli 4
  • Musalreza Vafaei Tbabr 5
1 Researcher, Semnan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center (Shahrood) - Garmsar station, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Garmsar, Iran
2 Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, University College of Agriculture & Natural Resorces, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, University College of Agriculture & Natural Resorces, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
4 Assistant Professor, Agricultural Engineering Research Institute (AERI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
5 Assistant Professor, Tehran Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center (Varmin), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Varamin, Iran
چکیده [English]

In order to study of water deficit effects on yield and some vegetative aspects of cotton, 30 cotton genotypes evaluated in 2014 summer at Garmsar Agricultural Research Station in greenhouse and field conditions. The experimental design was split plot based on a completely randomized blocks with three replications. Six superior genotypes including K8801, K8802, Avengard, Varamin, Khordad and Qum red boll selected for field experiment. Main plot was stress levels including control, mild and sever water deficit and subplots designated to genotypes. In greenhouse, the results showed that vegetative indices of genotypes significantly affected by water deficit stress. Based on the result of field experiment, vegetative traits, yield and yield components of genotypes were significantly different. In general, traits such as dry matter of root and shoot, number of root branches, crown diameter and chlorophyll content (spad value) had positive and significant correlation with yield in filed, so could be used in evaluation of cotton drought tolerance. Also, K8801 had higher yield than other genotypes in water deficit condition and could be introduced as a superior genotype for the region of study.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Cotton
  • genotype
  • Water deficit
  • Yield

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 06 تیر 1394
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 30 شهریور 1394
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 22 مهر 1394
  • تاریخ انتشار: 01 خرداد 1395

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