تأثیر برگ‌زدایی بر انتقال دوباره و کارایی انتقال مواد در رقم‌های گندم نان در شرایط تنش کم‌آبی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی سابق کارشناسی ارشد، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی، دانشگاه شیراز

2 استاد، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی، دانشگاه شیراز

3 استادیار مرکز ملی تحقیقات شوری، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی

چکیده

به­منظور ارزیابی تأثیر برگ­زدایی بر میزان انتقال­ دوبارۀ موادپروده در گندم در ­شرایط تنش کم­آبی، آزمایشی مزرعه­ای به‌صورت کرت­های دوبار خردشده در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در دانشکدۀ کشاورزی دانشگاه شیراز در سال زراعی 93-1392 اجرا شد. تیمارها شامل رژیم آبیاری: آبیاری مطلوب و قطع آبیاری در مرحلۀ گلدهی به­عنوان عامل اصلی، رقم‌های گندم پیشتاز، چمران و مرودشت به­عنوان عامل فرعی و سطوح برگ­زدایی: بدون برگ­زدایی و برگ­زدایی در اواسط مراحل ساقه­روی یا گلدهی به­عنوان عامل فرعی­فرعی بودند. نتایج نشان داد، برگ­زدایی به­ویژه در مرحلۀ ساقه­روی باعث کاهش معنی­دار عملکرد دانه (پیشتاز 2/19 درصد، چمران 7/24 درصد و مرودشت 9/24 درصد) شد. بیشترین انتقال دوباره از تیمار برگ­زدایی در ساقه‌روی مشاهده شد، به­طوری­که برگ‌زدایی در ساقه­روی به ترتیب باعث افزایش 6/1 و 4/1 برابری سهم ذخایر ساقه و سنبله در عملکرد شد، هرچند منجر به جبران افت عملکرد ناشی از برگ­زدایی نشد. رقم­های پیشتاز و مرودشت به­ترتیب بیشترین و کمترین انتقال دوباره را به­خود اختصاص دادند. تنش کم‌آبی موجب افزایش انتقال دوباره و سهم نسبی ذخایر ساقه و سنبله در عملکرد شد، به­گونه‌ای­ که سهم نسبی ساقه و سنبله در عملکرد دانه در شرایط مطلوب به­ترتیب برابر با 1/9 و 8/6 درصد و در شرایط تنش کم‌آبی به­ترتیب 2/15 و 3/26 درصد بود.، در این میان سهم نسبی رقم پیشتاز بیشتر بود. به­طورکلی، نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد، اعمال تیمارهای تنش کم‌آبی و برگ­زدایی به­ویژه در اوایل فصل، انتقال دوبارۀ ذخایر پیش از گلدهی و سهم نسبی ساقه و سنبله در عملکرد دانه را افزایش داد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of leaf defoliation on remobilization and remobilization efficiency in bread wheat cultivars under water deficit stress

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mahnaz Behroozi 1
  • Yahya Emam 2
  • Hadi Pirasteh-Anosheh 3
  • Seyedeh Elahe Hashemi 1
1 Former M.Sc. Student and Professor, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Iran
2 Professor, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, National Salinity Research Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Iran
چکیده [English]

In order to evaluate the effects of leaf defoliation on assimilate remobilization in wheat under water deficit stress, a field experiment was carried out as a split split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications at College of Agriculture, Shiraz University during 2013-2014 growing season. The treatments included water stress: normal irrigation and cutting-off irrigation at anthesis as main plot, wheat cultivars: Pishtaz, Chamran and Marvdasht as sub plot, and levels of source manipulation: non-defoliation, defoliation at mid-stem elongation or mid-anthesis as sub sub plots. The results showed that leaf defoliation, especially at stem elongation reduced grain yield significantly (Pishtaz 19.2%, Chamran 24.7% and Marvdasht 24.9%). The highest remobilization was also obtained from leaf defoliation treatment at stem elongation, so that defoliation at stem elongation increased proportion of stem and ear in grain yield by 1.6 and 1.4 times, respectively; however, it could not compensate yield loss resulted from leaf defoliation. Pishtaz and Marvdasht cultivars had the highest and the lowest remobilization, respectively. Water deficit enhanced remobilization and relative proportion of stem and ear in yield, so that mean of relative proportion of stem and ear in grain yield were 9.1% and 6.8% under normal and 15.2% and 26.3% under water stress conditions, respectively, meanwhile relative proportion was greater for Pishtaz cultivar. In general, water deficit stress and leaf defoliation, especially at early growth season increased remobilization before flowering and proportion of ear and stem storage in grain yield.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Leaf defoliation
  • relative proportion
  • stem storage
  • yield

مراجع

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 22 دی 1394
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 22 آبان 1395
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 01 آذر 1395
  • تاریخ انتشار: 01 شهریور 1396

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