تأثیر زمان برداشت و روش خشک‌کردن بر کیفیت فیزیولوژیک و محتوای قندهای محلول در بذرهای باقلا (Vicia faba L.) رقم شامی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی، دانشگاه یاسوج

2 استادیار، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی، دانشگاه یاسوج

3 دانشیار، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی، دانشگاه یاسوج

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر زمان  برداشت و روش­ خشک‌کردن بر کیفیت بذر باقلا، آزمایشی در سال 1393به‌صورت فاکتوریل سه عاملی در قالب طرح کامل تصادفی با پنج تکرار در آزمایشگاه علوم و تکنولوژی بذردانشگاه یاسوج انجام شد. عامل‌های آزمایششامل زمان برداشت در 84 (برداشت اول)، 96 (برداشت دوم) و 108 (برداشت سوم) روز پس از کاشت، نوع اندام برداشت (بذر، غلاف و بوته) و روش خشک‌کردن (سایه‌خشک و آفتاب‌خشک) بودند. یک زمان برداشت نیز در 125روز پس از کاشت و به روش متداول کشاورزان منطقه انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد، در برداشت اول، بیشترین و کمترین وزن صد بذر، درصد جوانه‌زنی، سرعت جوانه‌زنی، شاخص بنیۀ گیاهچه و محتوای قندهای محلول به ترتیب در تیمار بوتۀ سایه‌خشک و بذر آفتاب‌خشک مشاهده شد. در برداشت دوم نیز وضعیتی همسان مشاهده شد، اما مقادیر این صفات به‌طور شایان‌توجهی افزایش یافتند. در برداشت سوم میزان این صفات به بیشترین میزان خود رسید و تیمار بوتۀ سایه‌خشک نسبت به دیگر تیمارها به‌طور معنی‌داری برتری نشان داد. در هر سه زمان برداشت، میزان نشت الکترولیت‌ها و درصد گیاهچه‌های غیرطبیعی بین تیمارها روندی مخالف با دیگر صفات داشت. نتایج کلی پژوهش، مؤید نقش قندهای محلول در تحمل به پسابش و ارتقاء قابلیت‌ جوانه‌زنی بذرهای باقلا بوده و به‌عنوان شاخص ارزیابی کیفیت بیوشیمیایی بذر این گیاه پیشنهاد می‌شوند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of harvesting time and drying method on seed physiological quality, soluble sugars content of faba bean seeds (Vicia faba L.) cultivar Shami

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ezatalla Karimi Arpanahi 1
  • Ali Moradi 2
  • Mohsen Movahhedi Dehnavi 3
1 M.Sc. Student, Faculty of Agriculture, Yasouj University, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, Yasouj University, Iran
3 Associate Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, Yasouj University, Iran
چکیده [English]

To evaluate the effect of harvesting time and drying methods on seed quality of faba bean, a three factors experiment was conducted based on completely randomized design with five replications at laboratory of seed science and technology, Yasouj University, in 2014. Experimental factors were as; harvesting in three dates after sowing (DAS) including 84 (first harvest), 96 (second harvest) and 108 (third harvest) DAS; three organ harvesting types (seed, pod and bushes); and two drying methods; shade-dried (SHD) and sun-dried (SD). In addition, an extra harvest (fourth harvest) was done 125 DAS according to the conventional harvest of local farmers. The results showed that in the first harvest, the highest and lowest 100-seed weight, germination percentage, germination rate, soluble sugars content, seedling vigor index were observed in the SHD bushes and SD seed treatments, respectively. A similar trend was observed in the second harvest. In this stage quantity of measured characteristics was increased. In the third harvest, these characteristics reached their maximum value and the SHD bushes treatment had significantly higher values compared to other treatments in terms of most measured characteristics. However, in all three harvesting time, electrolyte leakage and abnormal seedlings values showed different trend compared to other studied characteristics. Generally, results confirmed the role of soluble sugars in desiccation tolerance process and germinability promotion of faba bean seeds and therefore it can be suggested as biochemical index for evaluating seeds quality in this plant.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Drying method
  • Faba bean
  • seed maturation
  • seed quality
  • Seed weight

مراجع

  1. Aizade-Benab, G., Tobeh, A., Ghassemi-Golezani, K., Sadegzadeh Hemayati, S. & Ebadi khazine, A. (2006). Investigation of different sowing and harvesting dates effect on yield and quality of monogerm sugar beet seed. Journal of Pajouhesh va Sazandagi (in Agronomy and Horticulture), 2(3), 33-42. (in Farsi)
  2. Bailly, C., Audigier, C., Ladonne, F., Wangner, M. H., Coste, F., Corbineau, F. & Come, D. (2001). Changes in oligosaccharide content and antioxidant enzyme activities in developing bean seeds as related to acquisition of drying tolerance and seed quality. Journal of Experimental Botany, 52 (357), 701- 708.
  3. Black, M., Corbineau, F., Gee, H. & Come, D. (1999). Water content, raffinose and dehydrins in the induction of desiccation tolerance in immature wheat embryos. Plant Physiology, 120, 463-471.
  4. Blackman, S. A., Obendorf, R. L. & Leopold, A. C. (1992). Maturation proteins and sugars in desiccation tolerance of developing soybean seeds. Plant Physiology, 100, 225-230.
  5. Blackman, S. A., Wettlaufer, S. H., Obendorf, R. L. & Leopold, A. C. (1991). Maturation proteins associated with desiccation tolerance in soybean. Plant Physiology, 96, 868-874.
  6. Bradford, M. (1976). A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of protein utilizing the principle of protein dye binding. Analytical Biochemistry, 72, 248-25.
  7. Corbineau, F., Picard, M. A., Fougereux, J. A., Ladonne, F. & Come, D. (2000). Effects of dehydration conditions on desiccation tolerance of developing pea seeds as related to oligosaccharide content and cell membrane properties. Seed Science Research, 10, 329-339.
  8. Dayal, A., Rangare, N. R., Kumar, A. & Kumari, M. (2014). Effect of physiological maturity on seed quality of maize (Zea mays.L.). Forage Research, 40(1), 1-6  
  9. Doijode, S. D. (1990). Germinability and longevity of onion seeds under different drying methods. Journal of Progressive Horticulture, 22(4), 117-120.
  10. Elias, S. G & Copeland, L. O. (2001). Physiological and harvest maturity of canola in relation to seed quality. Agronomy Journal, 93(5), 1054-1058.
  11. Ellis, R. A. & Roberts, E. H. (1981). The quantification of ageing and survival in orthodox seeds. Seed Science andTechnology, 9, 373-409.
  12. Ennen, R. D. (2011). Earlier harvest and drying of soybean seed within intact pods maintains seed quality. Graduate Thesis and Dissertations. Iowa State University, University
  13. Eskandari, H. (2012). Seed quality changes in cowpea (Vigna sinensis) during seed development and maturation. Seed Science and Technology, 40(1), 108-112.
  14. Ghasemi-Golezani, K. & Mazloomi-Oskooyi, R. (2008). Effect of water supply on seed quality development in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). International Journal of Plant Production, 2, 117-124.
  15. Ghassemi-Golezani, K., Lotfi, R. & Norouzi, M. (2012). Seed quality of soybean cultivars affected by pod position and water steress at reproductive stages. International Journal of Plant, Animal and Environmental Sciences, 2(2), 119-125.    
  16. Ghassemi-Golezani, K., Tajbakhsh, Z. & Raey, Y. (2011). Seed development and quality in maize cultivars. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca, 39(1), 178-182.
  17. Gurusamy, C. & Thiagarajan, C. P. (1998). The pattern of seed development and maturation in cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L. var. BGotrytis). Phyton; Annales rei Botanicae, 38, 295-268.
  18. Harington, J. F. (1972). Seed storage and longevity. In: Kozlowski T. T. (Ed.), Seed Biology, Academic. Press, New York. Pp. 145-245.
  19. He, Y. & Huang, B. (2007). Protein change during heat stress in three Kentucky bluegrass cultivars differing in heat tolerance. Crop Science, 47, 2513-2520.
  20. Irigoyen, J. J., Emerich, D. W. & Sanchesdiaze, M. (1992). Water stress induce changes in concentration of proline and total soluble sugars in nodulated alfalfa plant. Physiologia Plantarum, 84, 55-60.
  21. ISTA. (2010). International rules for Seed Testing. Published by the international seed testing Association.
  22. Kermode, A. R. & Finch-Savage, B. E. (2002). Desiccation sensitivity in orthodox and recalcitrant seeds in relation to development. In: M. Black. & H. W. Pritcharded (Ed), Desiccation and survival in plants: drying without dying. (pp. 149-184.).Wallingford.
  23. Khatun, A., Kabir, G. & Bhuiyan, M. A. H. (2009). Effect of harvesting stage on time seed quality of lentil (Lens culinaris L.) during storage. Bangladesh. Journal of Agriculture Research, 34(4), 565-576.
  24. Lehner, A., Bailly, C., Flechel, B., Poels, P., Come, D. & Corbineau, F. (2006). Changes in wheat seed germination ability, soluble carbohydrate and antioxidant enzyme activities in the embryo during the desiccation phase of maturation. Journal of Cereal Science, 43, 175-182.
  25. Obendorf, R. L. (1997). Oligosaccharides and galactosyl cyclitols in seed desiccation tolerance. Seed ScienceResearch, 7, 63-74.
  26. Pelham, H. R. B. (1986). Speculations on the functions of the major heat shock and glucose regulated proteins. Plant CellPhysiology, 46, 959-961.
  27. Reddy, Y. T. N. & Khan, M. M. (2001). Effect of osmopriming on germination, seedling growth and vigour of khirni (Mimusops hexandra) seeds. Seed Research, 29(1), 24-27. 
  28. Sabaghpour, S. (1995). The effect of plant density on broad bean yield. Journal of Seed and Plant, 11(4), 9-13. (in Farsi)
  29. Samarah, N. H. (2005). Effect of drying methods on germination and dormancy of common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) seed harvested at different maturity stages. Seed Science and Technology, 33(3), 733-740.
  30. Samarah, N. H. (2006). Effect of air-drying immature seeds in harvested pods on seed quality of common vetch (Vicia sativa L.). New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 49, 331-339.
  31. Samarah, N. H., Al-Mahasneh, M. M., Ghosheh, H. Z., Alqudah, A. M. & Turk, M. (2011). The influence of drying methods on the acquisition of seed desiccation tolerance and the maintenance of vigour in wheat (Triticum durum). Seed Science and Technology, 38, 193-208.
  32. Samarah, N. H., Mullen, R. E., Goggi, S. & Gaul, A. (2009). Effect of drying treatment and temperature on soybean seed quality during maturation. Seed Science and Technology, 37, 469-473.
  33. Sanhewe, A.  J. & Ellis, R. H. (1996). Seed development and maturation in Phaseolus vulgaris: Ability to germinate and to tolerate desiccation. Journal of Experimental Botany, 47, 949-958.
  34. Spano, C., Bottega, S., Grilli, I. & Lorenzi, R. (2011). Responses to desiccation injury in developing wheat embryos from naturally- and artificially-dried grains. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 49, 363-367.
  35. Tekrony, D. M. & Hunter, J. L. (1995). Effect of seed maturation and genotype on seed vigour in maize. Crop Science, 35, 857-862.
  36. Tekrony, D. M., Egli, D., Balles, D. B., Stuky, J. & Tomas, L. (1984). Effect of date of harvest maturity on soybean seed quality and Phomopsis sp. Seed infection. Crop Science, 14, 189-193.
  37. Vasudevan, S. N., Sudarshan, J. S., Kurdikeri, M. B. & Dharmatti, P. R. (2008). Influence of harvesting stages on seed yield and quality in Fenugreek. Karnataka Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 21(1), 122-124.
  38. Wehmeyer, N. & Vierling, E. (2000). The expression of small heat shock proteins in seeds responds to discrete developmental signals and suggests a general protective role in desiccation tolerance. Plant Physiology, 122(4), 1099-1108.

فایل ها

سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 08 خرداد 1395
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 01 شهریور 1395
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 02 شهریور 1395
  • تاریخ انتشار: 01 شهریور 1396

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار