تأثیر زئولیت بر ویژگی‌های فیزیولوژیک و بیوشیمیایی ارزن پروسو (Panicum miliaceum) در شرایط کم آبیاری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهرکرد

2 دانشجوی دکتری فیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

چکیده

تنش خشکی در حال و آینده مهم­ترین چالش پیش روی تولید محصولات کشاورزی است در این بین، کاربرد زئولیـت مـی‌توانـد تأثیر زیانبار تنش خشکی در گیاهـان زراعـی را تعدیل کند. به‌منظور بررسی سطوح مختلف کم ­آبیاری و زئولیت بر ارزن پروسو دانه‌ای، آزمایشی به‌صورت بلوک­های خردشده در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی در دانشگاه شهرکرد طی سال 1394 اجرا شد. عامل اول شامل زئولیت در سه سطح (0، 5/0 و 1 کیلوگرم در مترمربع معادل) و عامل دوم رژیم­ آبیاری (تأمین 100، 75، 50 و 25 درصد نیاز آبی گیاه) بودند. نتایج نشان داد، کاهش میزان آب آبیاری، باعث کاهش ارتفاع بوته، شاخص سطح برگ، محتوای نسبی آب برگ، عملکرد دانه و اجزای آن، عملکرد زیست‌توده (بیوماس)، شاخص برداشت، کارایی مصرف آب و سبزینۀ (کلروفیل) a و b شد. همچنین کاهش آب مصرفی باعث افزایش تولید آنزیم‌های سوپراکسید دیسموتاز، کاتالاز، پراکسیداز، اسید آمینۀ پرولین و رنگیزۀ کارتنوئید شد. قابل‌بیان است کاربرد زئولیت باعث تعدیل تأثیر تنش خشکی شد. در هر سه رژیم کم ‌آبیاری عملکرد دانه در شرایط کاربرد 10 تن زئولیت در هکتار بیشتر بود. بیشترین درصد کاهش عملکرد دانه (2/77%) نسبت به تیمار شاهد (تأمین 100 درصد نیاز آبی و بدون کاربرد زئولیت)، در تیمار تأمین 25 درصد نیاز آبی و بدون کاربرد زئولیت به دست آمد. بنابراین به نظر می‌رسد در شرایط محدودیت آب، استفاده از زئولیت باعث کاهش تأثیر منفی تنش خشکی می‌شود و استفاده از 10 تن زئولیت در هکتار در شرایط محدودیت آبی در زراعت ارزن پروسو مزیت نسبی دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of zeolite on physiological and biochemical attributes of Proso millet (Panicum miliaceum) in deficit irrigation conditions

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mahmoud Reza Tadayon 1
  • Hedayat Karimzadeh Soureshjani 2
1 Associate Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
2 Ph. D. Candidate, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
چکیده [English]

Drought stress is the most important challenges facing agricultural production, especially in developing countries. Zeolite application can ameliorate the harmful effects of drought stress in crops. In order to evaluate the effect of deficit irrigation (supply of 100, 75, 50 and 25 percent of crop water requirement) and zeolite (0, 5 and 10 t/ha) levels on Proso millet, an experiment was conducted as split block design in 2015 at Shahre Kord University. Result showed that deficit irrigation reduced plant height, leaf area index (LAI), relative water content (RWC), grain yield and its components, biological yield, harvest index, biological yield, water use efficiency and chlorophyll a and b. Also deficit irrigation increased super oxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) activity, proline and carotenoid. It is noteworthy that zeolites application reduced the harmful effects of deficit irrigation. At all deficit irrigation regimes, application of 10 /ha zeolite resulted the highest grain yield. The highest yield loss (77.2%) was obtained with 25% of crop water requirement compared to control treatment (100% of water requirement and the zeolite application). Overall, results showed that under limited water conditions, application of zeolite reduced the negative effects of drought stress, therefore application of 10 t/ha zeolite is recommended in the cultivation of millet at limited water resources conditions.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Antioxidant Enzymes
  • Drought stress
  • proline
  • Water use efficiency
  • Zeolite

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 12 بهمن 1394
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 22 تیر 1395
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 04 مرداد 1395
  • تاریخ انتشار: 01 شهریور 1396

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