تأثیر تنش خشکی آخر فصل و توالی زراعی بر عملکرد کمّی و کیفی گندم آبی تحت مدیریت مرسوم و حفاظتی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج، البرز، ایران

2 استاد، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج، البرز، ایران

3 استادیار، مؤسسۀ تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیۀ نهال و بذر، کرج، البرز، ایران

چکیده

بی‌خاک‌ورزی در کنار توالی زراعی مناسب می­تواند رطوبت و مواد غذایی لازم را برای گیاه در معرض تنش خشکی فراهم کند. به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر تنش خشکی پایان فصل و توالی زراعی بر عملکرد کمی و کیفی گندم رقم پارسی آزمایشی با استفاده از طرح آماری کرت‌های خردشده (اسپلیت پلات) در قالب بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار در مزرعۀ پژوهشی مؤسسۀ تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیۀ نهال و بذر کرج در دو سال زراعی 93 و 94 به اجرا درآمد. عامل اصلی شامل شش توالی زراعی مبتنی بر گندم آبی1 و عامل کرت فرعی رژیم آبیاری در دو سطح آبیاری معمول و تنش خشکی پایان فصل (مرحلۀ گرده‌افشانی تا برداشت)؛ بودند که هریک به­صورت جداگانه در مزرعۀ حفاظتی و مرسوم به اجرا درآمد. تأثیر تنش خشکی پایان فصل در مدیریت مرسوم در دو سال معنی­دار شد و درمجموع سبب کاهش 18 درصدی عملکرد شد، اما در نظام خاک‌ورزی حفاظتی، تنش پایان فصل در سال اول سبب کاهش غیر معنی‌دار و حدود 8 درصد عملکرد گندم آبی و در سال دوم سبب کاهش شدید و معنی‌دار به میزان 43 درصد شد. در سال اول تناوب T3(گندم- شبدر- کلزا- ذرت) در مدیریت خاک‌ورزی (حفاظتی) 4089 کیلوگرم/ هکتار و توالی T1 (گندم- ذرت- گندم- ذرت) 5347 کیلوگرم/ هکتار در مدیریت مرسوم بیشترین عملکرد دانه را نسبت به دیگر تناوب‌ها داشتند. شاخص­های کیفی گندم (مانند غلظت پروتئین دانه، حجم نان، رسوب زلنی، سختی دانه و ...) در دو سال زراعی تحت تأثیر تنش خشکی پایان فصل و توالی زراعی قرار نگرفت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Terminal drought and crop sequence effects on irrigated wheat grain yield and quality under conventional and conservation managed approaches

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ayob Fasahat 1
  • Mohammad Reza Jahnsuz 2
  • Mohammad Reza Mehrvar 3
  • Manouchehr Gorji 2
  • Nasser Majnoonhoseyni 2
1 Ph.D. Candidate, University College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Alborz, Karaj, Iran
2 Professor, University College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Alborz, Karaj, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Karaj, Iran
چکیده [English]

No-tillage managed approach with the proper crop sequence can provide more moisture and nutrients necessary for the plant in water stressed conditions. This experiment was conducted in 2013-15 cropping years to study the effects of terminal drought and sequential cropping systems on grain yield and quality of no-till and conventional managed irrigated wheat CV. Parsi. The experimental design was RCBD in split plot arrangement with four replicates in experimental farm of cereals research department of seed and plant improvement institute at Karaj, Iran. Main plots consisted six irrigated wheat based crop sequences and two irrigation regimes of normal irrigation and terminal drought allocated to the subplots which were studied in two separate experiments of conservation and conventional managed approaches. According to the results effect of terminal drought in conventional approach was significant in both years of study with 18% grain yield reduction. But terminal drought in conservation approach had no significant grain yield reduction (about 8% reduction) in the first year but caused significant grain yield reduction (about 43%) in the second year. In the 1st year of conservation approach, crop sequence of two years four crops of wheat/berseem clover-canola/silage corn (T3) produced the highest grain yield (4089 kg ha-1), while the highest grain yield (5347 kgha-1) belonged to the crop sequence of wheat/silage corn-wheat-silage corn (T1) in the conventional managed approach.Wheat grain quality characteristics were not significantly affected by terminal drought and crop sequence in both years of study.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Conservation agriculture
  • crop rotation
  • Grain yield
  • Irrigated Wheat
  • quality
  • terminal drought

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 31 خرداد 1395
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 23 تیر 1395
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 27 تیر 1395
  • تاریخ انتشار: 01 شهریور 1396

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