تأثیر محلول‌پاشی اسید آسکوربیک بر ویژگی‌های کمّی، کیفی و برخی تغییرپذیری‌های بیوشیمیایی برگ ذرت دانه‌ای در شرایط تنش کم‌آبی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

استادیار گروه زراعت، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد ورامین- پیشوا، ورامین، ایران

چکیده

به‌منظور ارزیابی تأثیر تنش کمبود آب و محلول­پاشی اسید آسکوربیک، بر ویژگی­های زراعی، فیزیولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی ذرت آزمایشی در سال 1393 در مزرعۀ تحقیقاتی دانشکدۀ کشاورزی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد ورامین صورت پذیرفت. این تحقیق به‌صورت کرت های خرد شده(اسپیلیت پلات) در قالب طرح پایۀ بلوک­های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار انجام گرفت. عامل آبیاری به‌عنوان عامل اصلی در چهار سطح )آبیاری بنا بر عرف منطقه، قطع آبیاری در مرحلۀ هشت برگی، قطع آبیاری در مرحلۀ ظهور کاکل و قطع آبیاری در مراحل هشت برگی و ظهور کاکل در بلال به­طور توأم) و عامل فرعی شامل محلول­پاشی اسید آسکوربیک در سه سطح (محلول­پاشی با آب خالص، محلول­پاشی با غلظت 50 قسمت در میلیون(پی­پی­ام) ومحلول‌پاشی با غلظت 100 قسمت در میلیون) در نظر گرفته شد. نتایج به‌دست‌آمده از این بررسی نشان داد که قطع آبیاری در مراحل مختلف رشد ذرت سبب کاهش معنی­داری در عملکرد دانه و عملکرد زیست توده (بیوماس)، شاخص برداشت، درصد روغن و پروتئین دانه، عملکرد روغن و پروتئین دانه و محتوای سبزینۀ (کلروفیل) برگ و افزایش میزان پرولین و فعالیت آنزیم سوپراکسید دیسموتاز شد. محلول‌پاشی با اسید آسکوربیک توانست از کاهش عملکرد کمی و کیفی و محتوای سبزینۀ برگ و همچنین افزایش میزان پرولین و فعالیت آنزیم سوپر اکسید دیسموتاز جلوگیری کند. به‌طورکلی با توجه به بهبود کمی و کیفی صفات مورد بررسی می­توان نتیجه گرفت که کاربرد اسید آسکوربیک با از بین بردن رادیکال­های آزاد سبب کاهش فعالیت آنزیم­های پاداکسنده (آنتی‌اکسیدانت) و تجمع پرولین شده و به‌طور غیرمستقیم با بهبود شرایط رشد سبب افزایش عملکرد و کیفیت دانۀ ذرت می­ شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of foliar application of ascorbic acid on quantitative and qualitative traits as well as some biochemical changes in leaves of grain corn (Zea maize L.) under water deficit stress

نویسنده [English]

  • Hamidreza Towhidi Moghaddam
Assistant Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Varamin-Pishva Branch, Varamin, Iran
چکیده [English]

In order to study the effects of water deficit stress and foliar application of ascorbic acid on some agronomic, physiologic and biochemical traits of corn, an experiment was conducted in research field of  Agriculture  Faculty  of Islamic Azad University, Varamin Branch in Iran during 2014 growing season. The experimental design was laid out in a randomized complete block arranged in split plots with three replicates. Irrigation at four levels (normal irrigation according to the region, irrigation withholding at eight leafy stage, irrigation withholding at silking stage and irrigation withholding at eight leaf stage and silking stages) as the main factor and ascorbic acid foliar application at three levels (0, 50 and 100 ppm) as the sub-factor were allocated to main and sub plots, respectively. The results showed that irrigation withholding at different growth stages significantly decreased seed yield and biological yield, harvest index, oil and protein percentage, oil and protein yield, total chlorophyll content, increased proline content and superoxide dismutase activity in the leaves. Foliar application of ascorbic acid could prevent quantitative and qualitative yield loss and chlorophyll degradation. In addition, ascorbic acid foliar application decreased proline accumulation and superoxide dismutase activity in the leaves. In general, considering the qualitative and quantitative improvement in studied traits, it can be concluded that ascorbic acid application can scavenge reactive oxygen species and reduce antioxidant enzyme activity and proline accumulation, which in turn, leads to increased seed yield and quality with improving growth conditions.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Grain protein
  • Irrigation withholding
  • proline
  • superoxide dismutase enzyme

مراجع

  1. Agarwal, S. & Pandey, V. (2004). Antioxidant enzyme resposes to NaCl stress in Cassia angustifolia. Plant Biology, 48, 555-560.
  2. Anyia, A. O. & Herzog, H. (2004). Water-use efficiency, leaf area and leaf gas exchange of cowpeas under mid-season drought. European Journal of Agronomy, 20, 327-339.
  3. Arnon, D. I. (1949). Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplasts, polyphennoloxidase in Beta vulgaris. Plant Physiology, 24, 1-150.
  4. Athar, H.R., Khan, A. & Ashraf, M. (2008). Exogenously applied ascorbic acid alleviates salt- induced oxidative stress in wheat. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 63, 224-231.
  5. Bannayan, M., Nadjafi, F., Azizi, M., Tabrizi, L. & Rastgoo, M. (2008). Yield and seed quality of Plantago ovata and Nigella sativa under different irrigation treatments. Industrial Crops and Products, 27, 11-16.
  6. Bates, L. S., Waldern, R. P. & Teave, I. D. (1973). Rapid determination of free proline for water stress studies. Plant and Soil, 39, 205-207.
  7. Bian, Y. M., Chen, S. Y., Liu, S. K. & Xie, M. Y. (1988). Effects of HF on praline of some plants. Plant Physiology, 6, 19-21.  
  8. Bradford, M. (1976). A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Analytical Biochemistry, 72, 248-254.
  9. Chen, W. P., Li, P. H. & Chen, T. H. H. (2000). Glycine betaine increases chilling tolerance and reduces chilling-induced lipid peroxidation in Zea mays L. Plant Cell. Cell Environ, 23, 609-618.
  10. Dolatabadian, A., Modarres Sanavy, S. A. M. & Sharif, M. (2009). Alleviation of Water Deficit Stress Effects by Foliar Application of Ascorbic Acid on Zea mays L. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 195, 347-355.
  11. Dolatabadian, A., Modarres Sanavy, S. A. M. & Chashmi, N. A. (2008). The Effects of  Foliar Application of Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C) on Antioxidant Enzymes Activities, Lipid Peroxidation and Proline Accumulation of Canola (Brassica napus L.) under Conditions of Salt Stress. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 194(3),  206-213.
  12. Germchi, S., Shekari, F., Hassanpooraghdam, M. B., Khorshidi, B. & Shekari, F. (2010). Water deficit stress affects growth and some biochemical characteristics of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). Journal of Food, Agriculture & Environment, 8(3&4), 1126-1129.
  13. Giannopolitis, C. & Ries, S. (1977). Superoxide dismutase occurrence in higher plant. Plant Physiology, 59, 309-314.
  14. Hagar, H., Ueda, N. & Shal, S. V. (1996). Role of reactive oxygen metabolites in DNA damage and cell death in chemical hypoxic injury LLC-PK1 cells. American Journal of Physiology, 271, 209-215.
  15. Hegedus, A., Erdei, S. & Horvath, G. (2001). Comparative studies of H2O2 detoxifying enzymes in green and greening barley seedlings under cadmium stress. Plant Science, 160, 1085-1093. 
  16. Jiang, M. & Zhang, J. (2001). Effect of abscisic acid on active oxygen species, antioxidative defense system and oxidative damage in leaves of maize seedlings. Plant Cell Physiology, 42, 1265-1273.
  17. Jiang, M. Y. & Zhang, J. H. (2002). Role of abscisic acid in water stress-induced antioxidant defense in leaves of maize seedlings. Free Radical Research, 36, 1001-1015.
  18. Karpinski, S., Gabrys, H., Mateo, A., Karpinska, B. & Mullineaux., P. M. (2003). Light perception in plant disease defense signaling. Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 6, 390-396.
  19. Kavi Kishor, P. B., Hong, Z. L., Miao, G. H., HU., C. A. A. & Verma, D. P. S. (1995). Over expression of 1-pyrroline5-carboxylate synthetase increases praline production and confers osmotolerance in transgenic plants. Plant Physiology, 108, 1378-1394. 
  20. Kyparissis, A., Petropoulun, Y. & Manetas, Y. (1995). Summer survival of leaves in a soft-leaved shrub (Phlomis fruticosa L., Labiatae) under Mediterranean field conditions: Avoidance of photoinhibitory damage through decreased chlorophyll contents. Journal of Experimental Botany, 461, 1825-1831. 
  21. Law, M. Y., Charles, S. A. & Halliwell, B. (1983). Glutathione and ascorbic acid in spinach (Spinacia oleracea) chloroplast. The effect of hydrogen peroxide and of paraquat. Biochemical Journal, 253, 109-116.
  22. Nandwal, A. S., Godara, M., Sheokand, S., Kamboj, D. V., Kundu, B. S. & Kuhad, M. S. (2000). Salinity induced changes in plant water status nodule functioning and ionic distribution in phenotypically differing genotype of Vigna radiate L. Journal of Plant Physiology, 156, 352-359.
  23. Noctor, G. & Foyer, C. H. (1998). Ascorbate and glutathione: Keeping active oxygen under control. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology, 49, 249-279.
  24. Pignocchi, C. & Foyer, C. H. (2003). Apoplastic ascorbate metabolism and its role in the regulation of cell signaling. Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 6, 379-389.
  25. Rensburg, L. V. & Kruger, G. H. J. (1994). Evaluation of components of oxidative stress metabolism for use selection of drought tolerant cultivars of Nicotiana tabacum L. Journal of Plant Physiology, 143,730-737.
  26. Rudra naik, V., Gulganji, G. G., Mallapupr, C. P. & Raju, S. G. (2001). Association analysis in safflower under rainfed condition. 5th International Safflower Conference, Montana, USA, July, 23-27.  
  27. SAS Institute Inc. (2002). The SAS System for Windows, Release 9.0. Statistical Analysi Systems Institute, Cary, NC, USA.
  28. Shalata, A. & Neumann, P. M. (2001). Exogenous ascorbic acid (vitamin C) increases resistance to salt stress and reduces lipid peroxidation. Journal of Experimental Botany, 52, 2207-2211.    
  29. Singh, M. P. & Singh, D. K. & Rai, M. (2007). Assessment of growth, physiological and biochemical parameters and activities of antioxidative enzymes in salinity tolerant and sensitive basmati rice varieties. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 193, 398-412.
  30. Unger, P. W. (1992). Time and frequency of irrigation effects on sunflower production and water use. Soil Soil Science Society of America Journal, 46, 1072-1076.
  31. Zhang, J. X. & Kirkham, M. B. (1994). Drought stress-induced changes in activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase in wheat species. Plant Cell Physiology, 35, 785-79.
  32. Zhang, J. X. & Kirkham, M. B. (1996). Lipid peroxidation in sorghum and sunflower seedlings as affected by ascorbic acid, benzoic acid and propyl gallate. Journal of Plant Physiology, 149, 489-493.
  33. Zhang, S., Weng, J., Pan, J., Tu, T., Yao, S. & Xu, C. (2003). Study on the photo generation of superoxide radicals in Pho tosystem II with EPR spin trapping techniques. Photosynthesis Research, 75, 41-48.
  34. Zhu, J. K. (2000). Genetic analysis of plant salt tolerance using Arabidopsis, Plant Physiology, 124, 941-948.

فایل ها

سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 21 دی 1394
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 31 خرداد 1395
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 03 تیر 1395
  • تاریخ انتشار: 01 شهریور 1396

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار