بررسی همزیستی قارچریشه، کاربرد خاکی و محلول‌پاشی فلومیکس بر عملکرد علوفه و برخی ویژگی‌های کیفی ذرت

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناس ارشد، دانشگاه شاهرود

2 دانشیار، دانشگاه شاهرود

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر کاربرد قارچریشه (میکوریزا)، محلول‌پاشی و کاربرد خاکی کود فلومیکس بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد ذرت، آزمایشی به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در مزرعۀ تحقیقاتی دانشکدۀ کشاورزی دانشگاه شاهرود انجام شد. در این آزمایش همزیستی قارچریشه‌ای در دو سطح شامل بدون همزیستی و همزیستی قارچریشه، محلول‌پاشی فلومیکس در سه سطح شامل بدون کاربرد، یک‌بارکاربرد و دو بار کاربرد و کاربرد خاکی فلومیکس شامل بدون کاربرد، یک‌بارکاربرد و دو بار کاربرد اعمال شد. نتایج تجزیۀ واریانس بیانگر افزایش معنی‌دار صفات عملکرد علوفه، درصد پروتئین، سبزینۀ (کلروفیل) a، سبزینۀ b، محتوای نسبی آب برگ و فسفر دانه تحت تأثیر همزیستی قارچریشه، محلول‌پاشی و کاربرد خاکی فلومیکس بود. همچنین تأثیر همزیستی قارچریشه و محلول‌پاشی، محلول‌پاشی و کاربرد خاکی فلومیکس بر پرگنه‌زایی (کلونیزاسیون) ریشه معنی­­‌دار بود و سبب افزایش این صفت شد. بنا بر نتایج تأثیر همزیستی قارچریشه و محلول‌پاشی نیز بر صفت قند محلول برگ معنی‌دار بود و باعث افزایش آن شد. ترکیب تیماری بدون کاربرد قارچریشه+ یک‌بار محلول‌پاشی+ بدون کاربرد خاکی محتوای نسبی آب برگ را نسبت به کاربرد قارچریشه+ دو بار محلول‌پاشی+ بدون کاربرد خاکی افزایش داد. از نظر عملکرد علوفه نیز ترکیب تیماری کاربرد قارچریشه + دو بار محلول‌پاشی + یک‌بار کاربرد خاکی با 6557 کیلوگرم در هکتار بیشترین میزان عملکرد را نسبت به شاهد نشان داد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of mycorrhizae symbiosis, soil and foliar spray of Flomix on forage yield and some qualitative characteristics of corn (Zea mays L.)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ramin Jabbari 1
  • Hamid Abbasdokht 2
1 M.Sc. of Agronomy, Agronomy and Plant Breeding Faculty, Shahrood University, Iran
2 Associated Professor, Agronomy and Plant Breeding Faculty, Shahrood University, Iran
چکیده [English]

In order to study of interaction between mycorrhizae symbiosis, soil and foliar spary of Flomix on  yield and yield components of corn (Zea may L.), an experiment was carried out as factorial based on Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications in Agriculture Research Station of Shahrood University of Technology in 2014. The treatments included mycorrhizae symbiosis at 2 levels (non-application and application of mycorrhizae), foliar spray at 3 levels (non-application, once sprayed and twice sprayed) and soli spray at 3 levels (non-application, once soil application and twice soil application). Results showed that interaction between mycorrhizae symbiosis, soil and foliar spray of Flomix indicate a significant effect on forage yield, protein percent, grain P, chlorophyll a, b and relative water content traits.  Also effect of mycorrhizae symbiosis+ foliar spray and foliar+ soil spray of Flomix was significant on colonization and increased this trait.Moreover, the result showed that interaction between mycorrhizae symbiosis and foliar spray indicate a significant effect on sugar solution and increased it. Mean comparisons showed treatment of none application of mycorrhizae+ once foliar spray+ none soil spray of Flomix increased the relative water content in compare with Application of mycorrhizae + twice foliar spray+ none soil spray.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Corn
  • Chlorophyll
  • foliar
  • Yield

مراجع

  1. Ansori, A. (2012). Effect of mycorrhizal fungi symbiosis, thiobacillus bacteria and sulfur different levels on growth and yield of corn. M.Sc. thesis, university of shahrood. Shahrood, Iran. (in Farsi)
  2. Alizadeh, A. (2005). Study effect of different amount of nitrogen and drought stress at different growth stages, yield, component yield and amount of nutrients concentration and also study the mycorrhizae symbiosis in corn. Ph.D thesis, Azad University of Ahvaz, Science and Research Branch. Ahvaz, Iran. (in Farsi)
  3. Abou El-Nour E. A. A. (2002). Growth and nutrient contents - Response of maize to foliar nutrition with micronutrients under irrigation with Saline water. International Journal of Biological Sciences, 2, 92-97.
  4. Auge, R. M. (2001).Water relations, drought and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. Mycorrhizae, 11, 3-42.
  5. Arnon, A. N. (1967). Method of extraction of chlorophyll in the plants. Agronomy Journal, 23, 112-121.
  6. Aliasgharzad, N., Neyshabouri, M. R. & Salimi, G. (2006). Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and Bradyrhizobium japonicum on drought stress of soybean. Biologia, 19, 324-328.
  7. Ashofteh Beiragi, M., Ebrahimi, M., Mostafavi, K. H., Golbashy, M. & Khavari Khorasani, S. (2011). A Study of Morphological Basis of corn (Zea mays L.) yield under drought stress condition using Correlation and Path Coefficient Analysis. Journal of Cereals and Oilseeds, 2, 32-37.
  8. Aghababai, F. & Raisi, F. (2011). The effect of mycorrhizae symbiosis on chlorophyll, photosynthesis and water use efficiency in four genotype of Prunus amygdalus in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari. Jounal of Water and soil science, 56, 92-101.
  9. Bolan, N. S. (1991). A critical review on the role of Mycorrhizal fungi in the uptake of phosphorus byplants. Plant and Soil, 134, 187-207.
  10. Bago‚ B., Feffer, P. E. & Shachar Hill, Y. (2000). Carbon metabolism and transport in arbuscular mycorrhiza. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 124, 949-957.
  11. Bybordi, A. & Mamedov, G. (2010). Evaluation of application methods efficiency of zinc and iron for Canola (Brassica napus L.). Notulae Scientia Biologicae, 2, 21-30.
  12. Bengtsson, H., Oborn, I., Jonsson, S., Nilsson, I. & Andersson, A. (2003). Field balances of some mineral nutrients and trace elements in organic and conventional dairy farming: a case study at Ojebyn, Sweden. European Journal of Agronomy, 20, 101-116
  13. Cakmak, I. (2000). Possible roles of zinc in protecting plant cells from damage by reactive oxygen species. New Polymeric Materials, 146, 185-205.
  14. Chopra, S. & Dudhan, L. (1987). Chelated micronutrient in dry land . Agricultural Pesticides Committee, 21, 7-9
  15. Dodd, J. C. (2000). The role of Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in agro-natural ecosystems. Outlook On Agriculture, 29, 63-70.
  16. FAO. (2002). Production Year Book. Food and Agricultural organization of United Nation, Rome, Italy. 51: 209 p.
  17. Ghafari Malayeri, M., Akbari, G. H. A. & Mohammad Zadeh, A. (2012). Reaction of yield and yield component to soil and foliar application of micronutrients. Irainian Journla of Field Crops Research, 10, 368-373.
  18. Hardie, K. & Leyton, L. (1981). The influence of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza on growth and water relations of red clover. In phosphate deficient soil. New Polymeric Materials, 89, 599-608.
  19. Iniobong, O. E., Solomon, M. G. & Osonubi, O. (2008). Effects of Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus inoculation and phosphorus fertilization on the growth of Gliricidia sepiom in sterile and non-sterile soil. Journal of Agronomy Research, 2, 23-27.
  20. Jones, J. R., Wolf, J. B. & Mills, H. A. (1991). Plant Analysis: A Practical Sampling, Preparation, Analysis and Interpretation Guide. Micro and Macro Publishing Inc. Athens, Georgia
  21. Kogbe, J. O. S. & Adediran, J. A. (2003). Influence of nitrogen, Phosphorus and application on the yield of maize in savanna zone of Nigeria. African Journal of Biotechnology, 2, 345-349.
  22. Kaya, C. & Higgs, D. (2002). Response of tomato (Lycopersicom esculentum L.) cultivars to foliar application of zinc when grown in sand culture at low zinc. Scientia Horticulturae, 93, 53-64.
  23. Khalili Mahaleh, J. & Roshdi, M. (2008). The effect of foliar application of micronutrient on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of corn silage in Khoy. Seed and Plant Improvment Journal, 2, 281-293.
  24. Kapoor, R., Sharma, D. & Bhatnagar, A. K. (2008). Arbuscular mycorrhizae in micropropagation systems and their potential application. Scientia Horticulturae, 116, 227-239.
  25. Khalili Mahaleh, J., Tajbakhsh, M., Fayaz Moghadam, A. & Siyadat, A. (2001). The effect of micronutrient foliar application on qualitative yield of forage sorghum. Journal of Plant Ecology, 31, 35-44.
  26. Marchner, H. (1995). Mineral nutrition of higher plants. Academic press. New York. 889 pp.
  27. Morshedi, A. (2000). Effect of Fe, Zn foliar application on yield, qualitative characteristic and enriched canola seeds in Bardsir, Kerman. Journal of Soil and Water Research, 12, 58-68p.
  28. Malakooti, M. J. (2004). Spraying, a new way to increase the efficiency of applied fertilizers and achieve sustainable agriculture. Agricultural Education and Research Institute. Tehran, Iran. (In Farsi)
  29. Malakooti, M. J. & Baybordi, A. (1999). Zinc important missing element in plant and human life cycle. Agricultural Education Publication. Tehran, Iran. 88 pp.
  30. Movahedie Dehnavi, M. & Modaress Sanavi, A. M. (2006). Effect of foliar application of Zn, Mn micronutrients on yield and component yield in three varieties of safflower under drought stress in region of Isfehan. Irainian Journal of Water and Soil Science, 1, 5-10.
  31. Movahhedi Dehnavi, M., Modarres Sanavi, A. M., Soroush Zade, A. & Jalali, M. (2004). Changes of proline, total soluble sugars, chlorophyll (SPAD) content and chlorophyll fluorescence in safflower varieties under drought stress and foliar application of zinc and manganese. Biaban, 1, 93-110.
  32. Malakooti, M. J. & Tehrani, M. M. (2001). Effects of micronutrients on the yield and quality of agricultural products. Micro- nutrients with macro- nutrients. 2nd Ed. Tarbiat ModarresUniversity Press, Tehran. Tehran, Iran.
  33. Malakooti, M. & Tehrani, M. (1999). Effect of micronutrients on the yield and quality of agriculture products. Tarbiat Modarres University Press, Tehran, Iran. 292 pp. (in Farsi)
  34. Malakouti, M. J. & Tehrani, M. M. (2005). Role of micronutrients in yield increasing andquality improvement in crops (microelements with high impact). Third edition. Tarbiat Modarres University Publication. Tehran, Iran. 398 pp. (in Farsi)
  35. Mesquita, M. E., Vieiresilva, J. M., Castelo Branco, M. A. & Sequeira, E. M. (2000). Copper and zinc competitive adsorption: desorption in calcareous soils. Journal of Arid Land Research and Management,14, 27-41.
  36. Navabi, F. & Malakooti, M. J. (2008). Effect of balanced nutrition on the quantity and quality of nutrients in corn. Abstracts of the 6th congress of soil science, 319-321.
  37. Nabavi Moghadam, R., Saberi, M. H. & Sayari, M. H. (2013). The effect of iron soil application and manganese sulphate on qualitative and quantitative characteristics of forage corn (Single cross 704). Journal of Crop Improvement, 2, 75-86.
  38. Noor Mohammadi, G. S., Seyadat, A. & Kashani, A. (2001). Argonomy. First volume (cereals). Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz Publications. Ahvaz, Iran. 446 pp.(In Farsi)
  39. Obrador, A., Novillo, J. & Alvarez, J. M. (2003). Mobility and availability to plants of two zinc sources applied to a calcareous soil. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 67, 564-572.
  40. Panjtan Doost, M., Soroush Zade, A. & Ghanati, F. (2010). Effect of soil and foliar spray of Fe on some of qualitative characteristic of Peanuts in Alkaline soil. Journal of Plant Biology, 2, 37-40.
  41. Rahimi, M. M. & Mazaheri, D. (2004). Effect of Fe, Zn micronutrients on yield and component yield second plant in two varieties of sunflower in Arsanjan region. Ministry of Agriculture, 16-20.
  42. Philips, J. M. & Hayman, D. S. (1970). Improved procedures for clearing roots and staining parasitic and Vesicular-arbuscularmycorrhizal fungi for rapid assessment of infection. Transactions of British Mycological Society, 55, 158-161.
  43. Ritchie, S. W. & Nguyen, H. T. (1990). Leaf water content and gas exchange parameters of two wheat genotypes differing in drought resistance. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 30, 105-111.
  44. Seligman, N. G. (1993). Nitrogen redistribution in crop plant: Regulation and significance, Journal of Agronomy, 312, 758-764.
  45. Shoorgashti, M. (1998). Study chooses the best planting pattern and density and their effect on Quantitative and qualitative characteristics in S.C704 silage corn under Karaj weather condition. M.Sc Thesis,Azad University of Karaj. Karaj, Iran. (in Farsi)
  46. Statistical Yearbook of Agriculture Organization. (2009). In available at: www.agri-jahad.ir
  47. Subramanian, K. S. & Charest, C. (1999). Acquisition of N by external hyphae of an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus and its impact on physiological responses in maize under drought-stressed and well-watered conditions. Mycorrhizae, 9, 69-75.
  48. Sturz, A. & Christie, B. (2003). Beneficial microbial allelopathies in the root zone: the management of soil quality and plant disease with rhizobacteria. Journal of Soil and Tillage Research, 69, 353-364.
  49. Soleymani, A., Firoozi, M. & Narenjani, L. (2011). The effect of micronutrient foliar application on some of physiological indices effective on growth and dry matter of forage corn. Journal of Field Crop Research, 9, 340-347.
  50. Sheligl, H. Q. (1986). Die verwertung orgngischer souren durch chlorella lincht. International Journal of Plant Biology, 65, 47-51.
  51. Shoa Hosseini, M., Golbashy, M., Farsi, M., Khavari Khorasani, S. & Ashofte Beiragi, M. (2010). Evaluation of correlation between yield and its dependent trait in single cross corn hybrids under drought stress. Abstract Book of 1st Regional Conference on Tropical Crops Production under Environmental Stresses Condition. Islamic Azad University, Khuzestan Sciences and Research Branch.
  52. Sajedi, N. A. & Madani, H. (2008). Interaction between drought stress, zinc and mycorrhizae on yield, yield components and harvest index in corn. Irainian Journal of New Finding in Agriculture, 3, 273-284.
  53. Sajedi, N. & Rejali, F. (2011). Effect of drought stress, Zinc application and mycorhhizae inoculation on Absorption of micronutrients in corn. Irainian Journal of Soil and Water Research, 2, 84-92.
  54. Smith, S. E. & Read, D. J. (2008). Mycorrhizal Symbiosis. Third ed. Academic Press. London, UK.
  55. Turk, M. A., Assaf, T. A., Hameed, K. M. & Tawaha, A. M. (2006). Significance of Mycorrhizae. World JournalAgriculture Science, 2, 16-20.
  56. Waling, I., Vark, W. V., Houba, V. J. G. & Van der lee, J. J. (1989). Soil and Plant and Analysis, a series of syllabi. Plant7. Plant Analysis Procedures, Wageningen Agriculture University, the Netherland.
  57. Whitty, E. N. & Chambliss, C. G. (2005). Fertilization of Field and Forage Crops. Nevada State University Publication. 21 pp.
  58. Wu, S. C., Cao, Z. H., Li, Z. G., Cheung, K. C. & Wong, M. H. (2004). Effect of biofertilizer containing Nfixer, P and K solubilizers and AM fungi on maize growth. Geoderma, 125, 155-166.
  59. Yassen A., Abou El–Nour E. A. A. & Shedeed, S. (2010). Response of wheat to foliar spray with urea and micronutrients. Journal of American Science, 6, 14-22.
  60. Zeiaeian, A.  & Malakooti, M. J. (1998). Effect of micronutrient application and application time on increasing yield. Irainian Journal of Soil and Water Science, 2, 56-62. (in Farsi)

فایل ها

سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 13 آبان 1394
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 19 اردیبهشت 1395
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 18 خرداد 1395
  • تاریخ انتشار: 01 شهریور 1396

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار