تأثیر محلول‌پاشی تریازول‌ها و سیلیکات کلسیم بر مقاومت به خشکی کلزا

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه زراعت، دانشگاه آزاد واحد اسلامشهر

2 استادیار گروه زراعت، دانشگاه آزاد واحد اسلامشهر

3 استاد، گروه زراعت، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس

4 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه زراعت، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس

چکیده

آزمایشی به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار برای بررسی و ارزیابی تأثیر تنش کم‌آبی و محلول‌پاشی مواد تنظیم­کنندۀ رشد بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد کلزا رقم هایولا 401 انجام شد. تیمارها شامل تنش کم‌آبی {(شاهد (تخلیۀ 50درصد آب قابل استفاده) (S1)، تنش متوسط (تخلیۀ 65درصد آب قابل استفاده) (S2) و تنش شدید (تخلیۀ 80درصد آب قابل استفاده) (S3)} و محلول‌پاشی{(بدون محلول‌پاشی (F1)، شاهد آب (F2)، سیلیکات کلسیم (F3)، هگزوکونازول (F4)، پروپیکونازول (F5) و پنکونازول (F6)} بودند. نتایج نشان داد، بیشترین عملکرد دانه مربوط به تیمار F6S1 در شرایطی بود که نسبت به F1S2 اختلاف 1/2 گرمی مشاهده شد. همچنین تیمارهای F6S1 و F1S3 با اختلاف بیش از 2 برابر بیشترین و کمترین وزن هزاردانه را نشان دادند. همچنین در شرایط S2 بدون محلول‌پاشی و محلول‌پاشی F4 با اختلاف 4/34 درصد کمترین و بیشترین میزان روغن را نشان دادند. تیمارهای F2S1 و F1S3 با اختلاف 154/0 مولی بیشترین و کمترین هدایت روزنه‌ای را نشان دادند همچنین مشخص شد بیشترین غلظت Co2 درون‌یاخته‌ای مربوط به تیمار F1S1 می‌باشد که نسبت به تیمار F2S3 229 میکرومول بیشتر بود. لذا کاربرد تریازول‌ها به‌ویژه پنکونازول و همچنین سیلیکات کلسیم آسیب‌های ناشی از تنش را در گیاه کلزا تا حدودی کاهش دادند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of triazoles foliar application and calcium silicate on canola (Brassica napus L.) dryness tolerance

نویسندگان [English]

  • Royan Monshi 1
  • Younes Sharghi 2
  • Hossein Zahedi 2
  • Seyed Ali Mohammad Modarres Sanavy 3
  • Mehrdad Moradi Ghahderijani 4
  • Hamed Keshavarz 4
1 M.Sc. Student, Agronomy, Eslamshahr Branch, Azad University, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Agronomy, Eslamshahr Branch, Azad University, Iran
3 Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
4 Ph.D. Candidate, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Due to reduction the crops yield and yield components in water stress condition, a factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications to evaluate the effect of water deficite stress and growth improver materials on canola (Brassica napus L.) yield and yield components in research greenhouse of Agricultural Faculty of TarbiatModares University. Treatments includes water deficit stress {Control (50% discharged available water) (S1), average stress (65% discharged available water) (S2) and sever stress (80% discharged available water) (S3)} and foliar application {Control (F1), distilled water (F2), calcium silicate (F3), Hexaconazole (F4), propiconazole (F5), and penconazole (F6)}. Results showed the highest of yield was related to S1F6 that showed 2.1 gr higher than S2F1. Also S1F6 and S3F1 With more than 2-fold difference were the highest and the lowest of thousand seed weight. Also in S2, control and foliar application of F4 were the highest and the lowest of oil percentage respectively with 34.4% difference. S1 and S2 with no significant difference were lower than control with a significant difference proximately 5.8 µmol co2 m-2 Leaf s-1 in photosynthesis rate. S1F2 and S3F1 were the highest and lowest stomatal conductivity with 0.154 mol H2O m-2s-1 difference. Also S1F1 was the highest amount of intercellular Co2 concentration with 229 µmol CO2 mol air -1 difference with S3F2. So foliar application of triazoles (penconazole) and calcium silicate somewhat reduces the water deficit stress damages. So foliar application of triazoles (penconazole) and calcium silicate somewhat reduces the water deficit stress damages.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • oil percentage
  • water deficit stress
  • Yield and Yield components
  1. Agarie, S., Uchida, H., Agata, W., Kubota, F. & Kaufamn, B. (1993). Effect of silicon on growth, dry matter production and photosynthesis in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Crop Production and Improvement Technology, 34, 225-234.
  2. Balastra, M. L. F., Perez, C. M., Juliano, B. O. & villreal, P. (1989). Effects of silica level on some properties of Oryza sativa straw and hult. Canadian Journal of Borany, 45, 2356-2363.
  3. Bouchereau, A., Clossais, B. N., Bensaoud, A., Beport, L. & Renard, M. (1996). Water stress effects on rapeseed quality. European Journal of Agronomy, 5, 19-30.
  4. Bradford, M. A., Watts, B. W. & Davies, C. A. (2010). Thermal adaptation of heterotrophic soil respiration in laboratory microcosms. Global Change Biological, 16, 1576-1588.
  5. Cachorro, P., Ortiz, A. & Cerda, A. (1994). Implications of calcium nutrition on the response of Phaselous vulgaris L. to salinity. Plant and Soil, 159, 205-212.
  6. Cakri, R. (2004). Effect of water stress at different development stages on vegetative and reproductive growth of corn. Field Crop Research, 89, 1-16.
  7. Castrillo, M. & Trujillo, I. (1994). Ribulose-1-5, biphosphate carboxylase activity & chlorophyll & protein content in two cultivars of French bean plants under water stress & rewatering. Photosynthetic, 30, 175-181.
  8. Chimenti, C. A., Pearson, J. & Hall, A. J. (2002). Osmotic adjustment and yield maintenance under drought in sunflower. Field Crops Residual, 75, 235-246.
  9. Costa Franca, M. G., Thi, A. T. P., Pimentel, C., Pereura Rossiello R. O., Zuily–Fodil, Y. & Laffary, D. (2000). Differences in growth induced drought stress. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 43, 227-237.
  10. Elawad, S. H. & Green, V. E. (1979). Silicon and the rice plant environment: a review of recent research. Riv. Riso, 28, 235-253.
  11. Esendal, E., Arslan, B. & Paşa, C. (2008). Effect of winter and spring sowing on yield and plant traits of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). In: Proceedings of 7th international safflower conference, Wagawaga, Australia. November 3-6.
  12. Fletcher, R. A. & Arnold, V. (1986). Stimulation of cytokinins and chlorophyll synthesis in cucumber, Physiological Plant, 66, 197-201.
  13. Fletcher, R. A., Gilley, A., Davis, T. D. & Sankhla, N. (2000). Triazoles as plant growth regulators and stress. Horticulture Reviw, 24, 55-138.
  14. Foulkes, M. J., Slafer, G. A., Davies, W. J., Berry, P. M., Sylvester-Bradley, R., Martre, P., Calderini, D. F., Griffiths, S. & Reynolds, M. P. (2011). Raising yield potential of wheat. III. Optimizing partitioning to grain while maintaining lodging resistance. Journal of Experimental Botany, 62, 469-486.
  15. Gilley, A. & Fletcher, R. A. (1997). Relative efficiency of paclobutrazol, propiconazole and tetraconazole as stress protectants in wheat seedlings. Plant Growth Regulatore, 21,169-175.
  16. Guinta, S., Belotserkovskaya, R. & Jackson, P. S. (2010). DNA damage signaling in response to double-strand breaks during mitosis. The Journal of Cell Biology, 190(2), 197-207.
  17. Hamrouni, I., Ben Salah, H. & Marzouk, B. (2001). Effects of water-deficit on lipids of safflower aerial parts. Phytochemistry Journal, 58, 277-280.
  18. Hau, H., Yaofen, Z. & Huasheng, Y. (2014). Paclobutrazol Application Effects on Plant Height, Seed Yield and Carbohydrate Metabolism in Canola. International Journal of Agriculture Biology, 16(3), 471-479.
  19. Khajeh Pour, M. R. (2004). Industrial plants. (First Edition). Isfahan University of TechnologyJahad Daneshgah Press. 580 pp. (in Farsi)
  20. Matysiak, K. & Kaczmarek. S. (2013). Effect of chlorocholin chloride and triazoles – tebuconazole and flusilazole on winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus Var. Oeifera L.) in response to the application term and sowing density. Plant Protection Residual, 53(1), 79-88.
  21. Kpoghomou, B. K., Sapra, V. T. & Reyl, C. A. (1990). Sensitivity for drought stress of three Canola cultivars during different growth stages. Journal of Agronomy & Crop Science, 164, 104-109.
  22. Kulshreshtha, S., Mishra, D. P. & Gupta, R. K. (1987). Changes in content of chlorophyll, proteins and lipids in whole chloroplast and chloroplast membrane fractions at different leaf water potentials in drought resistant and sensitive genotypes of wheat. Photosynthetica, 21(1), 65-70.
  23. Lawlor, D. W. & Cornic, G. (2002). Photosynthetic carbon assimilation andassociated metabolism in relation to water deficits in higher plants. Plant Cell Environ, 25, 275-294.
  24. Lazcano-Ferrat, J. & Lovatt, C. L. (1992). Relationship between relative water content, Nitrogen Pools, and growth of Phaselous vulgaris and Phaselous acutifolius A. gray during water deficit. Crop Science, 39, 467-473.
  25. Leul, M. & Zhou, W. J. (1999). Alleviation of waterlogging damage in winter rape by uniconazole application: effects on enzyme activity, lipid peroxidation, and membrane integrity. Journal of Plant Growth Regulatore, 18, 9-14.
  26. Liang, Y. (1999). Effects of silicon on enzyme activity and sodium, potassium and calcium concentration in barley under salt stress. Plant Soil, 209, 217-224.
  27. Lopez, F. B., Setter, T. L. & McDavid, C.R. (1988). Photosynthesis and Water vapor Exchange of Pigeon pea leaves in response to water deficit and recovery. Crop Science, 28, 141-145.
  28. Matysiak, B. E., Brodzeller, T., Buck, S., French, A., Counts, C., Boorsma, B., Datta, M.W. & Kajdacsy-Balla, A. A. (2003). Simple, inexpensive method for automating tissue microarray production provides enhanced microarray reproducibility. Appl. Immunohistochem. Molecular Morphology, 11, 269-73.
  29. Mengel, K. & Kirkby, E. A. K. (1987). Principles of Plant nutrition. 4th‑ Edition. International potash Institute, IPI, Bern, Swizelamd. 685p.
  30. Mihailovic, V., Vucovic, N., Niciforovic, N., Solujic, S., Mladenovic, M., Mascovic, P. & S.Stankovic, M. (2011). Studies on the antimicrobial activity and chemical composition of the essential oils and alcoholic extracts of (Gentiana asclepiadea L.). Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 5(7), 1164-1174.
  31. Moradi, A., Ahmadi, A. & Joudi, M. (2005). Reaction of photosynthesis and stomatal conductance Mungbean severe and mild drought stress in different growth stages. Beans the National of the first meeting articles. 33 October and 21 November, Mashhad, Plant Sciences Research Center of Mashhad University. (in Farsi)
  32. Naderi Darbaghshahi, M. R., Noor Mohammadi, Gh., Majidi, E., Darvish, F., Shirani Rad, A. H. & Madani, H. (2004). Effect of drought stress and plant density on physiological traits of three sunflower lines in summer planting in Isfahan. Plant and Seed, 20(3), 281-296. (in Farsi)
  33. Omidi Tabrizi, A. H., Ghannad ha, M. R., Ahmadi, M. R. & Peyghanbari, S. A. (1999). Evaluation of important agronomic traits of spring safflower cultivars through statistical multivariate methods. Iranian Journalof Agricultural Sciences, 30(4), 817-826. (in Farsi)
  34. Palmer. J., Dunphy, E. J. & Reese, P. (1995). Managing drought-stressed Canolas in the southeast. http://www.ces.ncsu. Edu/drought/dro-24. Html.
  35. Pitann, B., Schubert, S., Mu¨ hling, K. H. (2009). Decline in leaf growth under salt stress is due to an inhibition of H+ pumping activity and increase in apoplastic pH of maize leaves. Journal of Plant Nutrition Soil Science, 172, 535-543.
  36. Rajendiran, K. & Ramanujam, M. P. (2004). Improvement of biomass partitioning, flowering and yield by triadimefon in UV-B stressed Vigna radiate (L.) Wilczek. Biological Plantarum, 48(1), 145-148.
  37. Ritchie, S.W., Nguyen, H. T. & Holaday, A. S. (1990). Leaf water content and gas exchanges parameters of tow wheat genotypes differing in droght resistance. Crop Science, 30, 105-111.
  38. Rosales-Serna, R., Kohashi-Shibata, J., Acosta-Gallegos, J. A., Trejo-López, C., Ortiz-Cereceres, J. & Kelly, J. D. (2004). Biomass distribution, maturity acceleration and yield in drought-stressed common bean cultivars. Field Crops Residual, 85, 203-211.
  39. Salehi far, M. (2010). The effect of drought stress on the germination and seedling growth of 8 Genetics beans. In: Proceedings of Iranianagronomy and plant breedingscienceseleventh congress. Shahid Beheshti University. (in Farsi)
  40. Seebold, K. W., Datnoff, L. E., Correa-Victoria, F. J., kucharek, T. A. & Synder, G. H. (2000). Effect of silicon rate and host resistance on blast, acald, and yield of upland rice. Plant Disease, 84, 871-876.
  41. Siddique, M. R. B., Hamid, A. & Islam, M. S. (2000). Drought stress effects on water relations of wheat. Botany Bull Academia Sinica, 41, 35-39.
  42. Sylvester-Bradley, R. & Makepeace, R. J. (1984). A code for stage of development in oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). Aspects of Apply. Boilogy, 6, 399-419.
  43. Thomas, M. B., Casula, P. & Wilby, A. (2004). Biological control and indirect effects. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 19(2), 61.
  44. Volkmar, K. M., Hu, Y. & Steppuhn, H. (1998). Physiological responses of plants to salinity: A review. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 78, 19-27.
  45. Wang, W., Vinocur, B. & Altman, A. (2003). Plant responses to drought, salinity and extreme temperatures: towards genetic engineering for stress tolerance. Planta, 218, 1-14.
  46. Weiss, E. A. (2000). Oilseed Crops. Second ed. Blackwell Science, Oxford.