شناسایی ژنوتیپ‌های متحمل به تنش خشکی در کلکسیون کنجد (Sesamum indicum L.) بانک ژن گیاهی ملی ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری اکولوژی گیاهان زراعی دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی (UMA) و مربی پژوهشی مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر (SPII)، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی (AREEO)

2 دانشیار گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی (UMA)

3 دانشیار پژوهشکده بیوتکنولوژی کشاورزی ایران (ABRII)، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی (AREEO)

4 مربی پژوهش مؤسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب ایران

چکیده

در این مطالعه واکنش به تنش خشکی هشت ژنوتیپ منتخب از کلکسیون کنجد بانک ژن گیاهی ملی ایران همراه با ارقام اولتان و داراب1، در شرایط معمول و تنش خشکی به صورت قطع آبیاری در آستانه گلدهی، در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. بر اساس نتایج، ژنوتیپ KC50662 و رقم اولتان از نظر عملکرد و اجزای آن در شرایط عادی و تنش در گروه برتر قرار گرفتند. طیف وسیعی از واکنش­های حساس تا متحمل بر اساس شاخص­های تحمل و حساسیت و تجزیه به مؤلفه­های اصلی، نشان از تنوع کافی در کلکسیون کنجد جهت انتخاب در دو شرایط رطوبتی بود. ژنوتیپ­های KC50658 و KC50321 به ترتیب متحمل­ترین و حساس­ترین و ژنوتیپ KC50662 و رقم اولتان، دارای پتانسیل عملکرد بالاتر در شرایط عادی و عملکرد بیش­تر در شرایط تنش بودند. دو نمونه اخیر، با توجه به گروهبندی فرناندز در توصیف رفتار نمونه­ها، با داشتن شاخص تحمل به تنش (STI) بیش­تر، عملکرد بالاتر در هر دو شرایط داشتند. تجزیه به مؤلفه­های اصلی، ضمن شناسایی صفات توجیه­کننده تغییرات، نمونه ژنتیکی KC50662 و رقم اولتان را مناسب برای اصلاح در شرایط متغیر رطوبتی نشان داد. نتایج رگرسیون برای شاخص STI نشان داد، ژنوتیپ­های با STI بالاتر، دارای وزن بیش­تر دانه­ در کپسول، تعداد کپسول بیش­تر در بوته، و برگ پائینی با دمبرگ بلندتر در شرایط معمول بودند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Identification of drought tolerant genotypes in the Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Collection of National Plant Gene Bank of Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Abbasali 1
  • Abdoulghayom Gholipouri 2
  • Ahmad Tobeh 2
  • Nayer Azam Khoshkholgh Sima 3
  • Saeed Ghalebi 4
1 Ph.D. Student of Agro-ecology of Mohghegh Ardebili University (UMA) and Research Instructor of Seed and Plant Improvement Institute (SPII), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Iran
2 Associate Professor, Department of Agronomy & Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agricultural and Natural Resources, Mohghegh Ardebili University (UMA), Iran
3 Associate Professor, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Iran
4 Research Instructor, Soil and Water Research Institute of Iran (SWRI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Iran
چکیده [English]

Increased drought is one of the consequences of global climate change in regions, arid and semi-arid areas particular in. Sesame is adaptable to drought condition which could produce a proper amount of good quality oil. This research, investigated reaction to drought of eight genotypes of sesame collection of National Plant Gene Bank of Iran, along with cultivars Oltan and Darab1 in two experiments in a randomized complete block design with three replications, under normal irrigation and restriction of irrigation since beginning of flowering as stress condition. Based on results, accession KC50662 and cultivar Oltan were placed in the top group in terms of yield and yield components, under both conditions. Based on tolerance and susceptibility indices and components analysis, genotypes indicated susceptible to tolerant reactions that showing enough diversity in the collections in order to select genotypes under normal and drought stress conditions. Accessions KC50658 and KC50321, were the most tolerant and susceptible respectively, and genotype KC50662 and cultivar Oltan with high potential in normal and more yield in stress conditions. These two accessions having high STI index, according to Fernandez classification, having the most yield in two conditions. The principal component analysis identified the variation explaining traits and indicated that accession KC50662 and cultivar Oltan were suitable for breeding objectives in varying humidity conditions. The regression results for STI, showed that accessions with higher index (STI) had more grain weight per capsule, higher capsules number per plant, and longer petiole in lower leaf that measured in normal condition.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Production potential
  • Sesame
  • Susceptibility
  • Tolerance Index

مراجع

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 28 شهریور 1395
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 24 بهمن 1395
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 09 اسفند 1395
  • تاریخ انتشار: 01 خرداد 1396

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