بررسی فراسنجه‌های ژنتیکی در جمعیت بهنژادی روشن × مهدوی با استفاده از طرح کارولینای شمالی III

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان

2 دانشیار، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان

3 استادیار، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان

چکیده

خشکسالی یکی از چالش برانگیزترین مسائل کشاورزی است، که تولید محصولات کشاورزی از جمله گندم را به مخاطره انداخته است. تدوین برنامه­های بهنژادی برای بهبود عملکرد و افزایش تحمل در برابر خشکی یک امر اساسی و مهم است. به‌منظور اجرای برنامۀ بهنژادی برای افزایش عملکرد در شرایط تنش خشکی رقم‌های گندم روشن و مهدوی تلاقی داده شدند. برای بررسی تنوع ژنتیکی و نحوۀ کنترل ژنتیکی عملکرد، اجزای عملکرد و صفات مرتبط با تحمل به خشکی از طرح کارولینای شمالی III استفاده شد. تنوع فراوانی در جمعیت وجود داشت. اپیستازی نقش معنی­داری در کنترل ژنتیکی صفات روز تا رسیدگی، ارتفاع بوته، شمار پنجۀ بارور، وزن هزاردانه و طول سنبله داشت. برای صفات طول و مساحت برگ پرچم سهم واریانس غالبیت بیشتر از افزایشی بود. برای بهنژادی این صفات روش بالک مناسب است. برای دیگر صفات اپیستازی معنی­دار نبود و سهم واریانس افزایشی در کنترل ژنتیکی این صفات بیشتر از غالبیت بود. این نتایج نشان می­دهد گزینش در طی نسل­های جداسازی برای این صفات مؤثر است و روش شجره­ای و یا تلاقی برگشتی برای ادامۀ برنامۀ بهنژادی این صفات توصیه می­شود. نتایج تحلیل مسیر نشان داد صفت شمار دانه در بوته بیشترین اثر مستقیم و غیرمستقیم بر عملکرد دانه را داشت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Study of genetic parameters in breeding population of Roushan × Mahdavi with North Carolina Design III

نویسندگان [English]

  • Zahra Behzadi 1
  • Roohollah Abdoshahi 2
  • Mehdi Mohayeji 3
1 M. Sc. Student, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Iran
چکیده [English]

Drought is one of the most challenging issues in agriculture which jeopardizes the production of agricultural products, including wheat. Breeding plans to improve performance and increase drought tolerance is a major issue. Mahdavi and Roushan cultivars were crossed to increase grain yield under drought stress condition. Genetic diversity and genetic control of grain yield, yield components and drought related traits were evaluated using North Carolina Design III (NCD III). Considerable genetic variation in population was existed. Epistasis had significant role in genetic control of days to maturity, plant height, tiller number, 1000-grain weight and spike length. Meanwhile, dominance variance was greater than additive for flag leaf length and area. Bulk method is suitable for breeding this trait. For other traits epistasis was not significant and additive variance was greater than dominance in genetic control of these traits. These results showed that selection in the segregate generations of these traits could be effective and pedigree method or back cross is recommended for future breeding program of these traits. Path analysis showed that number of seeds per plant had the highest direct and indirect effect on grain yield.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • bread wheat
  • Degree of dominance
  • Drought stress
  • Genetic diversity
  • North Carolina Design III

مراجع

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 04 اسفند 1394
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 04 خرداد 1395
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 05 خرداد 1395
  • تاریخ انتشار: 01 خرداد 1396

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