ارزیابی تأثیر کودهای زیستی بر ویژگی‌های رشدی و عملکرد مرزۀ تابستانه (Satureja hortensis L.)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

دانشیار، گروه زراعت، واحد رودهن، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، رودهن، ایران

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر ورمی‌کمپوست و باکتری‌های تثبیت‌کنندۀ نیتروژن بر ویژگی‌های رشدی و عملکرد مرزۀ تابستانه، آزمایشی در سال 1394 به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح پایۀ بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با دو عامل شامل کود زیستی نیتروژنه در سه سطح (بدون تلقیح، تلقیح بذر با نیتروکسین و تلقیح بذر با سوپرنیتروپلاس) و ورمی‌کمپوست در چهار سطح (0، 5، 10 و 15 تن در هکتار) و در سه تکرار در منطقۀ فیروزکوه انجام شد. نتایج آزمایش نشان داد، همۀ صفات مورد بررسی تحت تأثیر ورمی‌کمپوست و کود زیستی قرار گرفتند. صفات مورد بررسی شامل ارتفاع گیاه، شمار شاخه در بوته، عملکرد مادۀ خشک، سهم سرشاخۀ گلدار از مادۀ خشک کل، عملکرد خشک سرشاخۀ گلدار بودند. نتایج نشان داد، بیشترین شمار شاخه در بوته با کاربرد 10 تن ورمی‌کمپوست به دست آمدند. بیشترین ارتفاع بوته، عملکرد مادۀ خشک، سهم سرشاخۀ گلدار از مادۀ خشک کل و عملکرد خشک سرشاخۀ گلدار با کاربرد 15 تن ورمی‌کمپوست در هکتار به دست آمد. کاربرد کود زیستی نیتروژنه تأثیر معنی‌داری بر همۀ صفات داشت، هرچند تفاوت معنی‌داری بین نیتروکسین و سوپرنیتروپلاس مشاهده نشد. مقایسۀ میانگین اثر متقابل تیمارها نیز نشان داد که تلفیق سوپرنیتروپلاس همراه با 10 تن ورمی‌کمپوست باعث بیشترین عملکرد مادۀ خشک مرزه شد. نتایج نشان‌دهندۀ تأثیر معنی‌دار ورمی‌کمپوست و کود‌های زیستی در تولید مرزه در نظام‌های تولید پایدار است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of Biofertilizers effects on growth characteristics and yield of summer savory (Satureja hortensis L.)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Reza Haj Seyed Hadi
  • Mohammad Taghi Darzi
Associate Professor of Agronomy, Department of Agronomy, Roudehen Branch, Islamic Azad University, Roudehen, Iran
چکیده [English]

In order to study the effects of vermicompost and biological nitrogen fertilizer on growth characteristics and yield of summer savory, an experiment was conducted at Firouzkuh, Iran in 2015. The factors were nitrogen biofertilizer (Control, Nitroxine and Supernitroplus) and vermicompost (0, 5, 10 and 15 t ha-1). The experimental design was factorial experiment based on randomized complete blocks design with three replications. Measured traits were consisted of plant height, number of lateral branches per plant, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry matter and flowering shoot dry matter. Results showed that all measured traits were affected by treatments, significantly. The highest number of branches per plant (15.4) and shoot fresh weight (11890.75 kg ha-1) was obtained by using 10 ton vermicompost per hectare. Applying 15 ton vermicompost per hectare caused maximum plant height (35.9 cm), dry matter yield (3484.19 kg ha-1), flowering shoot dry matter (1722.19 kg ha-1). Nitrogen biofertilizer had significant effects on all traits. But, there were not significant differences between Nitroxine and Supernitroplus application. Mean comparison of interaction effects showed that using supernitroplus and 10 ton vermicompost per hectare caused maximum fresh (13722.32 kg ha-1) and dry shoot yield (4064.23 kg ha-1).

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Nitroxine
  • Summer savory
  • supernitroplus
  • vermicompost

مراجع

  1. Acimovic, M. G., Dolijanović, K. Z., Oljača, S. I., Kovačević, D. D. & Oljačam, M. V. (2015). Effect of organic and mineral fertilizers on essential oil content in caraway, anise and coriander fruits. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus, 14(1), 95-103.        
  2. Ajit, N. S., Verma, R. & Shanmugan, V. (2006). Extracellular chitinase of fluorescent pseudomonads antifungal to Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. Dianti causing carnation wilt. Current Microbiology, 52, 310-316.
  3. Albaenell, E., Plaixats, J. & Cabrero, T. (1988). Chemical Changes during vermicomposting (Eisenia foetida) of sheep manure mixed with cotton industrial wastes. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 6, 266-269.
  4. Alizadeh Sahzabi, A., Sharifi Ashorabadi, E., Shiranirad, A.H., Bigdeli, M. & Abaszadeh, B. (2007). The effects of different methods and levels of using nitrogen on some quality and quantity characteristics of Satureja hortensis L. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 23(3), 417-431. (in Farsi)
  5. Anal, M. (1992). Organic materials and soil productivity in the Near East. FAO, Soil Bulletin, 45, 279p.
  6. Andre, S., Neyra, M. & Duponnois, R. (2003). Arbuscular mycorrhizal sysmbiosis changes the colonization pattern of Acacia tortilis spp. Raddiana rhizosphere by two stains of rhizobia. Microbial Ecology, 45, 137-144.
  7. Ansarifar, M., Noormohamadi, G., Haj Seyed Hadi, M. R. & Riazi, G. (2012). Effect of organic nutrients on flower yield and oil content of chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.). Journal of Medicinal Plants and By-products, 2, 177-181.
  8. Anwar, M., Patra, D. D., Chand, S., Alpesh, K., Naqvi, A. A. & Khanuja, S. P. S. (2005). Effect of organic manures and inorganic fertilizer on growth, herb and oil yield, nutrient accumulation, and oil quality of French basil. Communication in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 36 (13-14), 1737-1746.
  9. Arancon, N., Edwards, C.A., Bierman, P., Welch, C. & Metzger, J. D. (2004). Influences of vermicomposts on field strawberries: 1. Effects on growth and yields. Bioresource Technol, 93, 145-153.
  10. Arancon, N., Edwards, C. A., Bierman, P., Metzger, J. D. & Lucht, C. (2005). Effects of verrnicornposts produced from cattle manure, food waste and paper waste on the growth and yield of peppers in the field. Peclobiologia, 49(4), 297­-306.
  11. Arguello, J. A., Ledesma, A., Nunez, S.B., Rodriguez, C. H. & Goldfarb, M. D. D. (2006). Vermicompost effects on bulbing dynamics, nonstructural carbohydrate content, yield, and quality of Rosado paraguayo garlic bulbs. Horticultural Science, 41(3), 589-592.
  12. Azizi, M., Rezwanee, F., Hassanzadeh Khayat, M., Lackzian, A. & Neamati, H. (2008).  The effect of different levels of vermicompost and irrigation on morphological properties and essential oil content of German chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.) C.V. Goral. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 24(1), 82-93. (in Farsi)
  13. Azzaz, N. N., Hassan, E. & Hamad, E. H. (2009). The chemical constituent and vegetative and yielding characteristics of fennel plants treated with organic and bio- fertilizer instead of mineral fertilizer. Australian Journal of Basic and Appllied Sciences, 3(2), 579-587.
  14. Bashan, Y. & Holguin, G. (1997). Azospirillum-plant relationships: environmental and physiological advances (1990-1996). Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 43, 103-121.
  15. Befrozfar, M. R., Habibi, D., Asgharzadeh, A., Sadeghishoae, M. & Tookalloo, R. (2013). Vermicompost, plant growth promoting bacteria and homic acid can affect the growth and essence of basil. Annals of Biological Research, 4 (2), 8-12.
  16. Belimov, A. A., Kojemiakov, A. P. & Chuvarliyeva, C. V. (1995). Interaction between barley and mixed cultures of nitrogen fixing and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria. Plant and Soil, 173, 29-37.
  17. Cacciari, I., Lippi, D., Pietrosanti, T. & Pietrosanti, W. (1989). Phytohormone-like substances produced by single and mixed diazotrophic cultures of Azospirillum and Arthrobacter. Plant and Soil, 115, 151-153.
  18. Candellas, L. P., Olivares, F. L., Okorokova, A. L. & Facanha, A. R. (2002). Humic acids isolated from earthworm compost enhance root elongation, lateral root emergence, and plasma H-ATPase activity in maize roots. Plant Physiology, 130, 1951-1957.
  19. Chen, Y. P., Rekha, P. D., Arunshen, A. B., Lai, W. A. & Young, C. C. (2006). Phosphate solubilizing bacteria from subtropical soil and their tricalcium phosphate solubilizing abilities. Applied Soil Ecology, 34, 33-41.
  20. Darzi, M. T., Hadj Seyed Hadi, M. R. & Rejali, F. (2013). Effects of vermicompost and phosphatic biofertilizer application on quantity and quality of essential oil in anise (Pimpinella anisum L.) Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 29(3), 584-594. (in Farsi)
  21. Ebadi, M. D., Rahmati, M., Azizi, M. & Hassanzadeh Khayyat, M. (2011). Effects of different drying methods (natural method, oven and microwave) on drying time, essential oil content and composition of Savory (Satureja hortensis L.). Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 26(4), 477-489. (in Farsi)
  22. Elsen, T. V. (2000). Species diversity as a task for organic agriculture in Europe. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 77, 101-109.
  23. Fallahi, J., Koocheki, A. & Rezvani Moghadam, P. (2008). Effects of biofertilizers on quantity and quality of chamomile. Iranian Journal of Field Crop Research, 7, 127-135. (in Farsi)
  24. Gardezi, A. K., Ferrera, R., Acuna, J. L. & Saavedra, M. L. (2000). Sesbania emerus urban inoculated with Glomus sp. In the presence of vermicompost. Mycorrhiza News, 12(3), 12-15.
  25. Gewaily, E. M., EI-Zamik, F. I., EI-Hadidy, T. T., Abd EI-Fattah, H. I. & Salem, S. H. (2006). Efficiency of bio fertilizers, organic amendment application of growth and essential oil of Marjoram (Majorana hortensis L.) plants grown in sandy and calcareous soils. Zagazig Journal of Agriculture Research, 33(2), 205-396.
  26. Gholami Sharafkhane, A., Jahan, M., Banayan Aval, M., Koocheki, A. & Rezvani Moghadam, P. (2015). Effects of organic and chemical fertilizers on some agroecological characteristics, yield and essential oil of savoy (Satureja hortensis L.) in Mashad condition. Journal of Agroecology, 7(2), 179-189. (in Farsi)
  27. Godara, A. S., Gupta, U. S., Lal, G. & Singh, R. (2014). Influence of organic and inorganic source of fertilizers on growth, yield and economics of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.). International Journal of Seed Spices, 4(2), 77-80.
  28. Haj Seyed Hadi, M. R., Darzi, M. T., Ghandehari, Z. & Riazi, G. (2011). Effects of vermicompost and amino acids on the flower yield and essential oil production from Matricaria chamomile L. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 5(23), 5611-5617.
  29. Haj Seyed Hadi, M. R., Abarghooei Fallah, M. & Darzi, M. T. (2015). Influence of nitrogen fertilizer and vermicompost application on flower yield and essential oil of chamomile (Matricaria chamomile L.). Journal of Chemical Health Risks, 5(3), 235-244.
  30. Hameeda, B., Rupela, O. P., Reddy, G. & Satyavani, K. (2006). Application of plant growth promoting bacteria associated with compost and macrofauna for growth promotion of pearl millet. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 44, 260-266.
  31. Hasanzadeh Aval, T., Koocheki, A., Khozaei, H. R. & Nasiri Mahallati, M. (2010). Effects of density on agronomical traits and yield of summer savoy (Satureja hortensis L.) and Iranian clover in mixed cropping. Iranian Journal of Field Crop Research, 8(6), 920-929. (in Farsi)
  32. Hasanzadeh Aval, T., Koocheki, A., Khozaei, H. R. & Nasiri Mahallati, M. (2012). Effects of density on physiological indices of summer savoy (Satureja hortensis L.) and Iranian clover in mixed cropping. Iranian Journal of Field Crop Research, 10(1), 75-83. (in Farsi)
  33. Hidlago, P. R., Matta, F. B. & Harkess, R. L. (2006). Physical and chemical properties of substrates containing earthworm castings and effects on marigold growth. Horticultural Science, 41, 1474-1476.
  34. Hussein, M. S., E1-Sherbeny, S. E. & Khalil, M. Y. (2006). Growth characters and chemical constituents of Dracocephalum moldavica L. plant in relation to vermin compost fertilizer and planting distance. Scientia Horticulturae, 108, 322-331.
  35. Ishizuka, J. (1992). Trends in biological nitrogen fixation research and application. Plant and Soil, 11, 197-209.
  36. Kader, M. A., Mian, M. H. & Hoque, M. S. (2002). Effects of azotobacter inoculant on the yield nitrogen uptake by wheat. Journal of Biological Science, 2(4), 250-261.
  37. Kapoor, R., Giri, B. & Mukerji, K. G. (2004). Improved growth and essential oil yield and quality in Foeniculum vulgare Mill on mycorrhizal inoculation supplemented with P-fertilizer. Bioresource Technology, 93, 307-311.
  38. Kartikeyan, B. C., Abdul Jaleel, G. M., Lakshmanan, A. & Deiveekasundaram, M. (2008). Studies on rhizosphere microbial diversity of some commercially important medicinal plants. Colloids and Surfaces B: Bionterfaces, 62, 143-145.
  39. Khalil, M. Y. (2006). How-far would Plantago afra L. respond to bio and organic manures amendements? Research Journal of Biological Sciences, 2(1), 12-21.
  40. Khorramdel, S., Koocheki, A., Nassiri Mahallati, M. & Ghorbani, R. (2008). Application effects of biofertilizers on the growth indices of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.). Iranian Field Crop Research, 6(2), 285-293. (in Farsi)
  41. Khorshidi, M., Bahadori, F. & Behnamnia, M. (2013). The effects of arbuscular Mycorrhizal fungi and vermicomport Application on yield and nutrient uptake in garden thyme under field condition. International Journal of Agriculture and crop sciences, 5(11), 1191 - 1194.
  42. Koocheki, A., Tabrizi, L. & Ghorbani, R. (2008). Evaluation of biofertilizers effects on growth characteristics, yield and qualitative characteristics of hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis L.). Iranian Journal of Field Crop Research, 6, 127-137. (in Farsi)
  43. Kumari, A. (2014). Effect of vermicompost and FYM on pharmacological activities of Cannabis sativa. International Journal of Agriculture Innovations and Research, 3(2), 422-428.
  44. Kumawat, P. O., Jat, N. I. & Yadavi, S. S. (2006). Effect of organic manure and nitrogen fertilization on growth, yield and economics of barley (Hordeum vulgare). Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 76(4), 226-229.
  45. Leake, G., Gaspar, F. & Santos, R. (2003). The effect of water on the solubility of essential oils in dense CO2. Journal of Essential oil Research, 15(3), 172-177.
  46. Mahfouz, S. A. & Sharaf-Eldin, M. A. (2007). Effect of mineral vs. biofertilizer on growth, yield, and essential oil content of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.). International Agrophysics, 21(4), 361-366.
  47. Makkizadeh, M., Chaichi, M., Nasrollahzadeh, S. & Khavazi, K. (2012). Effect of different types of nitrogen fertilizers on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of Satureja hortensis L. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 28(2), 330-341. (in Farsi)
  48. Meyer, J. M. (2000). Pyoverdins: pigments, siderophores and potential taxonomic markers of fluorescent Pseudomonads species. Archives of Microbiology, 174, 135-142.
  49. Mohammadpour Vashvaei, M., Ghanbari, A. & Fakheri, B. A. (2015). Effect of combined feeding system on N, P and K concentration, biochemical characteristics and calyxes yield of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.). Iranian Journal of Filed Crop Science, 46(3), 518-497. (in Farsi)
  50. Mumivand, H., Nooshkam, A., Moseni, A. & babalar, M. (2013). Influence of Nitrogen and Calcium Carbonate Application Rates on Nitrate Accumulation and Yield of Summer Savory (Satureja hortensis L.). Electronic Journal of Crop Production, 6(2), 109-124. (in Farsi)
  51. Ordookhani, K., Sharafzadeh, S. H. & Zare, M. (2011). Influence of PGPR on growth, essential oil and nutrients uptake of Sweet basil. Advanced in Environmental Biology, 5(4), 672-677.
  52. Patten, C.L. & Glick, B.R. (2002). Role of pseudomonas putida indol acetic-3-acid in development of the host plant root system. Appliled Environmental Microbiology, 681, 3795-3801.
  53. Perveen, S., Khan, M. S. & Zaidi, A. (2002). Effect of rhizospheric microorganisms on growth and yield of green gram (Phaseolus radiatus). Indian Journal of Agriculture Science, 72, 421-423.
  54. Pramanik, P., Ghosh, G. K., Ghosal, P. K. & Banik. P. (2007). Changes in organic-C. N, P and K and enzyme activities in vermicompost of biodegradable organic wastes under liming and microbial inoculants. Bioresource Technology, 98(13), 2485-2494.
  55. Rashid, M., Khalili, S., Ayub, N., Alam, S. & Latif, F. (2004). Organic Acids production solubilizing by phosphate solubilizing microorganisms (PSM) under in vitro condition. Pakistan Journal of Biological Science, 7, 187-196.
  56. Ratti, N., Kumar, S., Verma, H. N. & Gautam, S. P. (2001).Improvement in bioavailability of tricalcium phosphate to Cymbopogon martinii var. motia by rhizobacteria, AMF and Azospirillum inoculation. Microbiological Research, 156, 145-149.
  57. Rezvani Moghadam, P., Amin Ghafoori, A., Bakhshaei, S. & Jafari, L. (2013). Study the effects of biological and organic fertilizers on quantitative traits and essential oil of savoy (Satureja hortensis L.). Journal of Agroecology, 5(2), 105-112. (in Farsi)
  58. Rezvani Moghadam, P., Bakhshaei, S., Amin Ghafoori, A. & Jafari, L. (2014). Study the effects of fertilizers management on production of savoy (Satureja hortensis L.) in Mashad condition. Iranian Journal of Field Crop Research, 12(1), 27-33. (in Farsi)
  59. Saburi, M., Haj Seyed Hadi, M. R. & Darzi, M. T. (2014). Effects of amino acids and nitrogen fixing bacteria on quantitative yield and essential oil content of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). Journal of Agricultural Science Developments, 3(8), 265-268.
  60. Sainz, M. J., Taboada-Castro, M. T. & Vilarino, A. (1998). Growth, mineral nutrition and mycorrhizal colonization of red clover and cucumber plants grown in a soil amended with composted urban wastes. Plant and Soil, 205, 85-92.
  61. Sajadi Nik, R., Yadavi, A., Balouchi, H. R. & Farajee, H. (2011). Effect of Chemical (Urea), Organic (Vermicompost) and Biological (Nitroxin) Fertilizers on Quantity and Quality Yield of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.). Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production, 21(2), 87-101. (in Farsi)
  62. Saleh Rastin, N. (2001). Biofertilizers and their role in order to achieve sustainable agriculture. In: Proceedings of the country's need for industrial production of biofertilizers. Water and Soil Research Institute, Karaj, Pp: 1-54. (in Farsi)
  63. Schippers, B., Bakker, A. W., Bakker, P. A. H. M. & Vanpeer, R. (1990). Beneficial and deleterious effects of HCN production of Pseudomonades on rhizosphere interaction. Plant and Soil, 129, 75-83.
  64. Shaalan, M. N. (2005). Effect of compost and different sources of biofertilizers, on borage plants (Borago officinalis, L.). Egyptian Journal of Agricultural Research, 83(1), 271-284.
  65. Sharma, A.K. (2002).  Biofertilizers for sustainable agriculture. Agrobios, India, 407 p.
  66. Souvi, E., Amin, G., Farsam, H. & Andagi, S. (2004). The antioxidant activity of some commonly used vegetables in Iranian diet. Fitoterapia, 75, 585-588.
  67. Tehran Meteorological Organization. 2014. Meteorological reports for Firuzkuh. Retrieved February 10, 2013, from http://www.tehranmet.ir/ShowPage.aspx?page_=form&order=show&lang=1&sub=0 &PageId=57&codeV=1&tempname=maintehranair 
  68. Tilak, K. V. B. R., Ranganayaki, N., Pal, K. K., Saxena, A. K., Shekhar Nautiyal, C., Mittal, S., Tripathi, A. K. & Johri, B. N. (2005). Diversity of plant growth and soil health supporting bacteria. Current Science, 89, 136-150.
  69. Vildova, A., Stolcova, M., Kloucek, V. & Orsak, P. M. (2006). Quality Characterization of Chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.) in Organic and Traditional Agricultures. In: Proceeding of International Symposium on Chamomile Research, Development and Production. Presov, pp. 81-82.
  70. Yazdanparast, R. & Shahriyary, L. (2008). Comparative effects of Artemisia dracunculus, Satureja hortensis and Origanum majorana on inhibition of blood platelet adhesion, aggregation and secretion. Vascular Pharmacology, 48, 32-37.
  71. Youssef, A. A., Edris, A. E. & Goma, A. M. (2004). A comparative between some plan growth regulators and certain growth hormone, producing microorganisms on growth and essential oil composition of salvia officinalis L plant. Annals of Agricultural Science, 49(1), 229-311.
  72. Zaidi, A., Khan, M. S. & Amil, M. (2003). Interactive effect of rhizotrophic microorganisms on yield and nutrient uptake of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Europian Journal of Agronomy, 19, 15-21.
  73. Zare, S., Sirousmehr, A., Ghanbari, A. & Tabatabaei, J. (2013). Essential oil change and some quantitative characteristics of savoy (Satureja hortensis L.) under various amounts of nitrogen and compost. Iranian Journal of Field Crop Research, 11(1), 191-199. (in Farsi)

فایل ها

سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 10 دی 1394
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 20 بهمن 1394
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 25 بهمن 1394
  • تاریخ انتشار: 01 خرداد 1396

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار