ارزیابی رقابت درون و برون گونه‌ای گندم (Triticum aesativum L.) و ازمک (Cardaria draba L.) تحت سطوح مختلف نیتروژن با استفاده از مدل عکس عملکرد

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی سابق کارشناسی ارشد، گروه زراعت، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند

2 دانشیار، گروه زراعت، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند

چکیده

 توانایی ازمک در جذب آب و عنصرهای غذایی به دلیل داشتن شبکۀ ریشه­ای خزنده و گسترده، نشانگر آن است که این علف ­هرز رقیب سرسختی برای گیاهان زراعی است. به همین منظور بررسی رقابت درون و برون گونه­ای در اجتماع گندم و ازمک با استفاده از مدل­های عکس عملکرد و شاخص­های رقابتی تحت سطوح مختلف نیتروژن، در سال 1392 در گلخانۀ تحقیقاتی دانشکدۀ کشاورزی بیرجند به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار اجرا شد. عامل­های آزمایش شامل نیتروژن در سه سطح (05/0، 1/0 و 2/0 گرم در کیلوگرم خاک)، تراکم گندم رقم روشن در چهار سطح (0، 4، 8 و 12 بوته در گلدان) و تراکم ازمک در چهار سطح (0، 2، 4 و 6 بوته در گلدان) بود. نتایج به‌دست‌آمده از مدل عکس عملکرد نشان داد رقابت درون­گونه­ای در گندم بیشتر از رقابت برون­گونه­ای بود ولی در ازمک رقابت برون­گونه­ای بیشتر بود. ارزیابی توانایی رقابت نسبی نشان داد، اثر یک بوته گندم در سه سطح 05/0، 1/0 و 2/0 گرم نیتروژن در کیلوگرم خاک به ترتیب برابر با 1/5، 45/4 و 42/4 بوته ازمک بود و اثر یک بوته گندم در همان سطوح کودی به ترتیب معادل 94، 84 و 88 درصد بوته گندم بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Assessment of intra- and inter-specific competition between wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and hoary cress (Cardaria draba L.) under different levels of nitrogen by reciprocal yield model

نویسندگان [English]

  • Fereshte Hasanvand 1
  • Sohrab Mahmoodi 2
  • Seyed Vahid Eslami 2
1 Former M. Sc. Student, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Birjand University, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Birjand University, Iran
چکیده [English]

The ability of Hoary cress to absorb water and nutrients, due to creeping and extensive root system, indicates that this weed is importunate competitor for crop plants. To determine intra- and inter-specific competition between wheat and hoary cress by reciprocal yield model and other competition indices under different nitrogen levels, a factorial experiment based on RCBD was conducted with three replications in Research Greenhouse of Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand during 2013. Factors considered included pure nitrogen in three levels (0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 gr/kg soil), wheat density in four levels (0, 4, 8 and 12 plants per pot) and Hoary cress density in four levels (0, 2, 4 and6 plants per pot). The result of reciprocal yield model showed that in wheat intera- specific competition was higher than inter-specific competition, but in Hoary cress, intera- specific was higher. Relative competitiveness assessment showed that the effect of a wheat plant at three levels, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 grN/kg soil Was equal to 5.1, 4.45 and 4.42 Hoary cress plant respectively, and  the effect of a wheat plant at the same fertilizer, Was equivalent  whit 94, 84 and 88% of the wheat plant respectively.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Competition indices
  • Interaction
  • relative competitive ability
  • Wheat density
  • weed density

مراجع

  1. Abouziena, H. F., El-Karmany, M. F., Singh, M. & Sharma, S. D. (2007). Effect of nitrogen rates and weed control treatments on maize yield and associated weeds in sandy soils. Weed Technology, 21, 1049-1053.
  2. Amini, R. B., Sharifzadeh, F., Baghestani, M. A., Mazaheri, D. & Atri, A. (2003). Invastigation of competitive ability between wheat and volunteer rye (Secale cereal L.) and effect of competition on yield and yield components. Pajouhesh & Sazandegi in Agronomy, 60, 9-19. (in Farsi with English Summary).
  3. Atri, A. (1999). Assessment of competition on yield and yield component in intercropping of maize and bean. M.Sc. Dissertation, Tabriz University. (in Farsi)
  4. Atry, A. & Partovy, M. (2003). Assessment of competition between tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum L.) and barnyard grass (Echinochloa cruss gali (L.) P.Beauv) by using reciprocal yield model. Journal of Plant Pests and Diseases. Volume 72: Number 2.
  5. Baghestani, M. & Atri, A. 2003. Determination of competitive ability of wheat against rye (Secale cereal L) using reciprocal yield in Karaj. Iranian Journal. Plant Pest & Disease, 71-1, 43-59. (in Farsi with English summary).
  6. Beheshti, A. R. & Soltanian, B. (2012). Assessment of the Inter-and Intra- Specific Competition of Sorghum-Bean Intercropping Using Reciprocal Yield Approach. Seed and Plant Production Journal, 1, 2-28.
  7. Blackshaw, R. E., Brandt, R. N., Janzen, H. H., Entz, T., Grant, C. A. & Derksen, D. A. (2003). Differential response of weed species to added nitrogen. Weed Science, 51, 532-539.
  8. Blackshaw, R. E., Molnar, L. J. & Janzen, L. H. (2004). Nitrogen fertilizer timing and application method affect weed growth and competition with spring wheat. Weed Science, 52, 532-539.
  9. Cathcart, R. J. & Swanton C. J. (2003). Nitrogen management will influence threshold values of green foxtail (Setaria viridis) in corn. Weed Science, 51, 975-986.
  10. Cheema, M. S. (2005). Wild oat in competition with wheat for nitrogen. Agronomic Research Station, Bahawalpur, Pakistan. On line: http://wheat pw.usda.gov/ggpages/awn/41/awn41c2.html.
  11. Dabbagh Mohammdi Nasb, A., Javanshir, A., Alayari, H., Moukdm, M. & Kazeme, H. (2005). Evaluation Competition in solid and inter planting of maize and soybean in yield contrary. Journal of Agricultural Sciencesand Natural Resources, 12, 130-120.
  12. Dhima, K.. & Eleftherohorinos,, I. ( 2003). Nitrogen effect on competition between winter cereals and littleseed canarygrass. Phytoparasitica, 31(3): 252-264.
  13. Dunan, C. & Zimdahl, R. L. (1991). Competitive ability of wild oats (Avena fatua) and barley (Hordeum vulgar). Weed Science, 39, 558-563.
  14. Hashem, A., Radosovich, S. R. & Dick, R. (2000). Competition effects on yield, tissue nitrogen, and germination of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) and Italian raygrass (Lolium multiflorium). Weed Technology, 14, 718-725.
  15. Kim, D. S., Marshall, E. J. P., Brain, P. & Caseley, J. C. (2006). Modeling the effects of sub-lethal doses of herbicide and nitrogen fertilizer on crop-weed competition. Weed Research, 46, 492- 502.
  16. Iqbal, J. & Wright, D. (1997). Effects of nitrogen supply on competition between wheat and three annual weed species. Weed Research, 37, 391-400.
  17. Mohammdi, A., Rezvani, M., Zakernezhad, S. M. & Karamzadeh, H. (2012). effect of nitrogen rate onyield and yield componentsof wheat inwild oat infested condition. International Journal of Agriculture: Research and Review, 2 (4), 496-503, 2012. ISSN 2228-7973 ©2012 ECISI Journals
  18. Mosavi, K., Nasiri mahallati, M., Rahimian, H., Ghanbari, A., Banaian, M. & Rashed Mohasel, M. H. (2004). Seed rate and nitrogen fertilizer effects on wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis L.) and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) competition. Journal ofIranian crop Research, 15(1),108-120.
  19. Pirzad, A., Javanshir, A., Aliari, H. & Shakiba, M. (2002). Competition in solid and inter planting of maize and soybean in yield contrary. Journal of Agriculture and Natural Resources, 9(3), 80-85. (in Farsi)
  20. Radosevich, S. R. (1988). Methods to study crop and weed interactions. In: M.A. Altieri, and M.Liebman. (eds.). Weed management in agro ecosystems: ecological approaches. CRC press. pp: 121-145.
  21. Radosevich, S. R. (1988). Methods to study crop and weed interactions. In: M.A. Altieri, and M.Liebman. (eds.). Weed management in agro ecosystems: ecological approaches. CRC press. pp: 121-145.
  22. Raey, Y. & Golezani, K. (2008). Assessment of soybean and shattercane competition. Proceeding of the 2nd National Weed Science Congress. Volume 2. Mashhad 29 and 30 January. Pages 455-459. (in Farsi with English summary)
  23. Sohrabi, M., Rahimian Mashadi, H. & Beheshtian Mesgaran, M. (2012). Evaluation of Competitive Ability of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L) against Rye (Secale cereal L.) Using Reciprocal Yield Model in Miandoab. Journal of Weed Science, 8, 87-99.  
  24. Tanji, A. & Zimdhal, R. L. (1997). The competitive ability of wheat (Triticum aestivum) compared to rigid rye grass (Lolium rigidum) and cowcockle (Vaccaria hispanica).Weed Science, 45, 481-487.
  25. Vazan, S. & Bahrany, M. J. (1999). Reaction intercropping of maize and cowpea plant density and planting ratios. In: Proceedings of Crop fifth Congress. Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Karaj P 464.

فایل ها

سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 25 بهمن 1394
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 21 فروردین 1395
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 21 اردیبهشت 1395
  • تاریخ انتشار: 01 خرداد 1396

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار