بررسی تأثیر نظام‌های زراعی و سطوح آبیاری بر ویژگی‌های کمی و کیفی گیاه دارویی انیسون (Pimpinella anisum)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری اگرواکولوژی، دانشکدة کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

2 استاد گروه زراعت، دانشکدة کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

چکیده

شیوه­های کشاورزی جدید مانند کشاورزی کم نهاده، به‌طورمعمول ترکیبی از نظام‌های سنتی، اصول بوم‌شناختی (اکولوژیکی) و اطلاعات جدید علمی هستند که در راستای کاهش کاربرد نهاده­های شیمیایی طراحی شده­اند. در راستای همین هدف‌های آزمایشی به‌صورت کرت­های نواری بر پایة طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در سال 1393-1392 در مزرعة تحقیقاتی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد اجرا شد. تیمارها عبارت بودند از نظام‌های زراعی به‌عنوان عامل عمودی (کم نهاده، متوسط نهاده و پر نهاده) و سطوح آبیاری به‌عنوان عامل افقی (100، 80 و 60 درصد نیاز آبی گیاه انیسون). نتایج نشان داد، عملکرد کمی و کیفی انیسون تحت تأثیر نظام‌های زراعی و سطوح آبیاری قرار گرفتند. کارایی کاربرد نیتروژن تحت تأثیر نظام‌های زراعی قرار نگرفت اما میزان مصرف آب بر بهبود کارایی کاربرد نیتروژن مؤثر بود. کارایی مصرف آب در نظام کم نهاده پایین‌ترین میزان را داشت اما از لحاظ کارایی مصرف آب تفاوتی بین نظام پر نهاده و متوسط نهاده نبود. بالاترین کارایی مصرف آب و نیتروژن در تیمار 80 درصد نیاز آبی گیاه مشاهده شد. با در نظر گرفتن حفاظت از منابع آب می­توان گفت در تیمار 80 درصد نیاز آبی، گیاه از دیگر منابع موجود نیز به‌گونة مطلوب‌تری استفاده کرده است. همچنین درصورتی‌که سرمایه‌گذاری روی این گیاه به‌منظور تولید اسانس بالاتر باشد، نتایج آزمایش نشان داد، تیمار 80 درصد نیاز آبی مناسب­تر از 100 درصد نیاز آبی گیاه باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of cropping systems and different levels of water on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of Anise (Pimpinella anisum)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Fatemeh Ranjbar 1
  • Parviz Rezvani Moghaddam 2
  • Alireza Koocheki 2
1 Ph. D. Candidate of Agroecology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, respectively
2 Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
چکیده [English]

In order to moving from the conventional to sustainable systems, a framework must be defined that transfer process in this framework happen step by step. Use of the inputs with high efficiency is one of these steps. To reach these goals, an experiment in a strip plot design based on Randomized Complete Block trial with three replications was conducted in the Research Station of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran in 2013-2014. Treatments consist of Cropping Systems as vertical factor (low, medium, and high input) and Irrigation Systems (100, 80, and 60% Anise crop water requirement) as horizontal factor. The results showed that nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) was not affected by the cropping systems, but the amount of water consumption had positive effects on the NUE of Anise. The Low-input system had the lowest water use efficiency (WUE). The highest WUE (0.12 kg.m-3) and NUE (34.22 kg.kg-1) were observed in the 80% water requirement treatment. Interaction between water and cropping system showed that WUE (0.17 kg.m-3) in the high input system with 80% of water need was higher than other treatments. With due attention to all of the studied factors in the medium input system and 80% water requirement, it seems that this treatment compared to the other ones is the most appropriate one for Anise in regards to water and nutrients requirements.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Essential oil
  • low input
  • Nitrogen use efficiency
  • Water requirement
  • Water use efficiency

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 14 مرداد 1394
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 17 فروردین 1395
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 29 فروردین 1395
  • تاریخ انتشار: 01 خرداد 1396

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