تأثیر سطوح مختلف نیتروژن بر برخی صفات فیزیولوژیکی و کیفی در چغندرقند

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 مربی، مؤسسۀ تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیۀ بذر چغندرقند، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

2 استادیار، مؤسسۀ تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیۀ بذر چغندرقند، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

چکیده

امروزه از روش‌ها و ابزارهای جدیدی برای کوددهی استفاده می‌شود. این پژوهش با هدف بررسی سطوح نیتروژن بر صفات چغندرقند و امکان استفاده از دستگاه سبزینه‌سنج (کلروفیل‌متر) ((SPAD 502 برای تمایز رقم‌ها و تشخیص کمبود نیتروژن اجرا شد. آزمایش به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار انجام که عامل اول دو رقم داخلی (زرقان) و خارجی (فلورس) چغندرقند و عامل دوم چهار سطح نیتروژن (60 (موجودی خاک)، 130، 160 و190کیلوگرم در هکتار) از منبع کود اوره بود. درصد قند، عملکرد ریشه و شکر خالص و محتوای سبزینه و کودپذیری رقم فلورس بیشتر ولی نیتروژن دمبرگ آن، کمتر از رقم زرقان بود. بیشترین درصد افزایش عملکرد ریشه در هر دو رقم از تیمار 160کیلوگرم نیتروژن در هکتار به دست آمد. اثر رقم و نیتروژن تنها تا مرحلۀ استقرار بر میزان نور جذب‌شده معنی‌دار بود، بین عملکرد ریشۀ چغندرقند با نیتروژن کل پهنک و دمبرگ و جذب نور در زمان برداشت و بین عملکرد ریشه و قند خالص با مقادیر SPAD اندازه‌گیری‌شده در زمان 12-8 برگی (تیرماه و اوایل مردادماه) و نیز بین نیتروژن پهنک با میزان کل SPAD در همین زمان همبستگی مثبت و معنی‌دار مشاهده شد. بنابراین با دستگاه سبزینه‌سنج در زمان استقرار چغندرقند می‌توان نسبت به تعیین وضعیت نیتروژن و همچنین انتخاب سریع‌تر رگه (لاین)‌ها و دورگ (هیبرید)های برتر اقدام کرد. به‌طوری‌که در این مرحله از رشد اگر SPAD پایین برگ پنجم کمتر از 45 باشد، کوددهی باعث افزایش محصول خواهد شد و می‌توان با واسنجی (کالیبره کردن) این روش رقم‌های برتر چغندرقند را سریع‌تر گزینش‌ کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of soil nitrogen on some physiological characteristics and quality of sugar beet

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hamid Noshad 1
  • Samar Khayamim 2
1 Instructor, Sugar Beet Seed Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Sugar Beet Seed Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
چکیده [English]

There are different methods for crop fertilizing nowadays. This study was conducted to assess effects of soil nitrogen on sugar beet traits such as chlorophyll content (SPAD) and also possibility of use of SPADfor sugar beet varieties differentiation as well as a distinguishing lack of nitrogen. A factorial experiment based on completely randomized blocks design with four replications was conducted. The first factor was domestic (Zarghan) and foreign (Flores) sugar beet cultivars and second factor was four nitrogen levels (control, 70, 100 and 130 kg N ha from urea). Sugar content, root and white sugar yields, SPADand application of nitrogen fertilizer of Flores were more and its petiole total nitrogen was less than Zarghan. The most percentage of root yield increase in both varieties was observed in application of 100 kg/ha.in comparison with control treatment. There were positive and significant correlation between sugar beet root yield with blade and petiole total nitrogenand radiation absorption during harvest time and also between root and white sugar yield with SPAD at 8-12 leaf growth stage (June) and also SPAD with blade total nitrogen at the same time. So SPADcould be used in sugar beet establishment growth stage for evaluation of nitrogen status and also for sooner line and hybrid selection. If the value of chlorophyll meter in the bottom of fifth leaf was lower than 45 at establishment, root yield would be increased by nitrogen fertilizer application. Also sugar beet selection would be faster by calibration of this method.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Cultivar
  • Nitrogen
  • Sugar beet
  • Root yield
  • Spad

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 25 شهریور 1394
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 14 فروردین 1395
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 15 فروردین 1395
  • تاریخ انتشار: 01 خرداد 1396

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