تأثیر سطوح مختلف کود نیتروژن بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد ذرت (Zea mays L.) در شرایط رقابت با تراکم‌های مختلف علف‌های هرز تاج‌خروس ریشه قرمز (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) و ارزن (Panicum miliaceum L.)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه زراعت، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل

2 دانشیار، کشاورزی اکولوژیک، پژوهشکدۀ علوم محیطی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران

3 استاد، بخش تحقیقات علف‌های هرز، مؤسسۀ تحقیقات گیاه‌پزشکی کشور، تهران

4 استادیار، کشاورزی اکولوژیک، پژوهشکدۀ علوم محیطی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران

5 دانشجوی دکتری کشاورزی اکولوژیک، پژوهشکدۀ علوم محیطی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی اثر رقابت علف‌های هرز تاج‌خروس ریشه قرمز و ارزن بر عملکرد گیاه زراعی ذرت با کاربرد میزان‌های مختلف کود نیتروژن، آزمایشی در سال 1388 در مزرعۀ تحقیقاتی دانشکدۀ کشاورزی تربیت مدرس به‌صورت فاکتوریل سه عاملی در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار انجام پذیرفت. بر همین پایه، سه عامل کود نیتروژن (138، 184 و 230 کیلوگرم نیتروژن خالص در هکتار)، گونۀ علف هرز (تاج‌خروس و ارزن) و تراکم علف هرز (به ترتیب 5 و 25 بوته در مترمربع برای تاج‌خروس و 5/7 و 5/37 بوته در مترمربع برای ارزن) در نظر گرفته شد. نتایج نشان داد که بالاترین عملکرد دانه به میزان 89/921 گرم در مترمربع متعلق به تیمار شاهد 230 کیلوگرم نیتروژن خالص در هکتار و کمترین عملکرد دانه به میزان 72/466 گرم در مترمربع متعلق به تیمار علف هرز ارزن با 138 کیلوگرم نیتروژن خالص در هکتار بود. تراکم‌های مختلف علف هرز تفاوت معنی‌دار در صفاتی همچون شمار دانه در ردیف و طول بلال را موجب شدند. میزان‌های مختلف کود نیتروژن نیز موجب ایجاد تفاوت معنی‌دار در عملکرد زیست‌توده (Biomass) و شماری از اجزای عملکرد شدند. در مجموع نتایج آزمایش نشان داد در کشتزارهایی که علف‌های هرز نیتروژن‌دوست غالبیت بیشتری دارند، افزایش میزان کود مصرفی (نسبت به میزان بهینه) نه تنها موجب افزایش عملکرد ذرت نمی‌شود، بلکه ضمن کاهش عملکرد دانۀ تولیدی، موجب آلودگی بیشتر محیط‌زیست را فراهم می‌آورد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of different levels of N fertilizer on yield and yield components of maize (Zea mays L.) under competition with different densities redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) and millet (Panicum miliaceum L.)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Vahid Mohammadi 1
  • Jafar Kambouzia 2
  • Eskandar Zand 3
  • Saeid Soufizadeh 4
  • Sajad Rahimi Moghaddam 5
1 Ph. D. Student of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Zabol University, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Department of Agroecology, Envionmental Science Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
3 Professor, Departmet of Weed Research, The Iranian Plant Protection Institute, Tehran, Iran
4 Assistant Professor, Department of Agroecology, Envionmental Science Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
5 Ph. D. Student, Department of Agroecology, Envionmental Science Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

In order to study the competition effects of redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) and millet (Panicum miliaceum) on maize performance under different rates of N fertilizer, a field experiment was conducted in 2009 in the research fields of Tarbiat Modares University in Tehran as a randomized complete block design with factorial arrangement of treatments and three replications. Accordingly, three factors included nitrogen fertilizer (75% optimum or 138 kg N ha-1, optimum or 184 kg N ha-1 and 125% optimum or 230 kg N ha-1), weed species (redroot pigweed and millet) and weed densities (5 and 25 plants m-1 for redroot pigweed and 7.5 and 37.5 plants m-1 for millet) consisted. Results showed that the highest grain yield (921.89 g m-2) was achieved in treatment 230 kg N ha-1 while the lowest yields (466.72 g m-2) belonged to treatment millet fertilized with 138 kg N ha-1. High densities of millet and redroot pigweed resulted in significant reductions in number of grains per row and the ear length. Differences in N application rates cause significant variations in biological yield and some of the yield components of maize. Overall, results indicated that in fields where a nitrophile species is the dominant, increasing N application rate beyond the optimum not only does not increase maize grain yield but also reduces its yield and causes pollution of environment.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • nitrophyl
  • number of grains per row
  • weed density

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 20 اردیبهشت 1394
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 10 دی 1394
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 13 دی 1394
  • تاریخ انتشار: 01 آذر 1395

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