تأثیر زمان نشاکاری و دمای پوشش گیاهی بر صفات ریختی و عملکرد دانه در رقم‌های مختلف برنج

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکدۀ علوم کشاوری، دانشگاه گیلان

2 استاد، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکدۀ علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه گیلان

3 استادیار، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکدۀ علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه گیلان

چکیده

با توجه به اهمیت صفات ریختی (مورفولوژیک)، دمای پوشش گیاهی و ارتباط آن‌ها با عملکرد دانۀ رقم‌های برنج، آزمایشی به‌صورت کرت‌های خردشده در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال‌های 1392 و 1393 در مزرعۀ پژوهشی دانشکدۀ علوم کشاورزی دانشگاه گیلان انجام گرفت. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل سه زمان نشاکاری (15 اردیبهشت، 30 اردیبهشت و 15 خرداد) در کرت‌های اصلی و شش رقم برنج (هاشمی، سنگ جو، علی‌کاظمی، درفک، خزر و گوهر) در کرت‌های فرعی قرار گرفتند. نتایج نشان داد که با تأخیر در زمان نشاکاری، شمار پنجه بارور در بوته در سال اول و دوم به ترتیب تا 4/6 و 1/6 پنجه بارور و شاخص سطح برگ به‌طور معناداری تا 6/1 و 51/1 به ترتیب در سال اول و دوم آزمایش و سرعت پنجه‌زنی تا 08/0 پنجه در روز کاهش یافت. نتایج نشان داد که رقم خزر در سال اول و دوم به ترتیب با 69/2 و 11/3 درجۀ سلسیوس، بیشترین تفاوت دمای پوشش گیاهی با محیط را داشت و دمای پوشش گیاهی کمتری نسبت به محیط داشت. نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد که با تأخیر در زمان کاشت، عملکرد دانۀ بیشتر رقم‌های برنج به‌طور معنی‌داری کاهش یافت. به نظر می‌رسد رقم خزر با حفظ شمار پنجۀ بارور در مترمربع و داشتن دمای پوشش گیاهی پایین‌تر نسبت به دیگر رقم‌های در زمان‌های نشاکاری مختلف، توانست پایداری (ثبات) عملکردی خود را در شرایط نامساعد محیطی همچون دمای میانگین بالا و دریافت کمتر دما و تابش تجمعی در طول دورۀ رشد به‌ویژه دورۀ پر شدن دانه حفظ کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of transplanting time and canopy temperature on morphological traits and grain yield of rice cultivars

نویسندگان [English]

  • Amir Vahdati rad 1
  • Masoud Esfehani 2
  • Gholamreza Mohsenabadi 3
  • Atefeh Sabouri 3
  • Ali Alami 3
1 Ph. D. Student, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, University of Guilan, Iran
2 Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, University of Guilan, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, University of Guilan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Because of importance of morphological characteristics, canopy temperature and their relationship with grain yield in rice varieties, an experiment was conducted based on split plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications in two years (2013-2014) at the College of Agriculture, University of Guilan. The experiment consisted of three transplanting times (5, 20 May and 5 June) as main plot and six cultivars of rice (Hashemi, Sange jo, Ali Kazemi, Dorfak, Khazar and Gouhar) as sub plots. The results showed that with delaying of transplanting time, number of fertilized tillers decreased up to 6.4 and 6.1 fertilized tillers at first and second year, respectively. With delaying in transplanting time, leaf area index decreased up to 1.6 and 1.51 in first and second year, respectively, and reduced tillering rate up to 0.08 tillers. Comparison of the temperature difference between canopy and environmental showed that Khazar cultivar had the highest temperature difference between canopies and environmental in amount of 2.69 and 3.11˚C in the first and second year, respectively, and exhibited lower temperature of canopy compared to environment. The results showed that grain yield of rice cultivars except Khazar significantly reduced with delaying in transplanting time. So it should be noted that the Khazar, with the number of fertilized tillers and lower canopy temperature than other cultivars at different times, could be maintained their functional stability in front of unfavorable conditions such as the high average temperature, lower intake cumulative temperature and radiation during the growing season, especially during the grain filling stage.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Canopy temperature
  • fertilized tiller
  • rice and tillering rate

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 02 شهریور 1394
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 03 آذر 1394
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 04 آذر 1394
  • تاریخ انتشار: 01 شهریور 1395

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